Umsizi wesikhonzi senkosi waseSevillian U-Antonio Canales isithombe sokubamba, umdwebi womdanso we-gypsy odumile emhlabeni UJoaquin Cortes; U-María Rosa García García, owaziwa kangcono ngelika- Intombazane kaPastori; uMaría Dolores Amaya Vega odumile, noma Amakhambi e-Amaya; izwi elinamandla kakhulu le Carmen Linares isibeki sendawo image; Umshanelo, kanye nomculi omkhulu UJose Mercé, ngokungangabazeki yizimpawu zeflamenco yaseSpain. Kodwa, uma ungajwayelene ne- Umculo waseSpain, ungase ubuze, bangobani? Lezi ezinye ezinkulu abamele i flamenco yeminyaka eyi-50 edlule.
Iyini i-flamenco ne-cante jondo?
I-Flamenco ingaphezulu kakhulu kohlobo lomculo. Kuyinkulumo yamasiko eyavela e-Andalusia, eSpain. Akubandakanyi nje kuphela cula (ukucula), kodwa futhi thinta (isiginci) kanye ukudansa. Nokho, ingqikithi yayo emsulwa itholakala ku- Ukucula kwe-Flamenco. Lolu hlobo lokucula luhlukaniswa ngedrama yalo ejulile kanye nekhono layo lokuveza imizwa eqotho yobuhlungu, injabulo kanye nokulila. Ikhuluma ngezindikimba ezifana nokusiphula, ukufa, uthando nesiphetho. Ama-exponents amakhulu e-flamenco, njengalabo okukhulunywe ngabo, benze lobu buciko buphelele ngokuletha u-Cante Jondo ezigabeni emhlabeni jikelele.
Umlando kaCante Jondo kanye nemicimbi emikhulu ye-flamenco
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi i-Cante Jondo iyini kanye nobuhlobo bayo ne-flamenco, kufanele sibuyele emcimbini wokuqala omkhulu we-flamenco owabanjwa ngo-1922. Kwakuyi-Cante Jondo Competition, isenzakalo esibalulekile esenzeka ngoJuni 13 no-14 eGranada, eSpain, Corpus Christi. Lo mncintiswano, ogqugquzelwe izibalo ezifana nembongi uFederico García Lorca kanye nomqambi uManuel de Falla, wayefuna ukulondoloza ubumsulwa obudala be-flamenco ngesikhathi lobu buciko buqala ukwenza isimanjemanje.
Impumelelo yomncintiswano imake ngaphambi nangemuva, ukusungula i-flamenco njengohlobo olumele kakhulu lwesiko lesi-Spanish, hhayi e-Spain kuphela kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Kusuka lapho, I-Flamenco iqhubekile nokukhula, ukuhlukahluka, kodwa njalo igcina izimpande zayo ezinsikeni ezintathu eziyisisekelo: ukucula, ukudansa nokudlala isiginci..
Imifanekiso ye-iconic ye-flamenco
Okulandelayo, sizobuyekeza ezinye zezibalo ezaziwa kakhulu ku-flamenco, amanxusa eqiniso alobu buciko kokubili eSpain nakwamanye amazwe.
Isiqhingi Isiqhingi
UJosé Monje Cruz, eyaziwa ngobuciko ngokuthi Isiqhingi Isiqhingi, wazalelwa eSan Fernando ngo-1950. Ubhekwa njengomunye wabaculi abanethonya kakhulu emlandweni we-flamenco. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, wabambisana nezibalo ezinkulu ezifana UPaco de Lucía, aqopha naye imisebenzi yobuciko eyayisa i-flamenco kumazinga angakaze abonwe ngaphambili. Idiski yakho Ngiyi-gypsy, eyakhishwa ngo-1989, ingomunye wabathengisi abahamba phambili emlandweni we-flamenco.
Intombazane EnamaCombs
Pastora Pavón, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi Intombazane EnamaCombs, ingenye yezinganekwane ze-flamenco. Wazalelwa eSeville futhi kusukela esemncane kakhulu wabonisa ithalente elingenakuqhathaniswa ezindaweni zokudlela zokucula. Uyaziwa ngokuba ingcweti cishe zonke izitayela ze-flamenco, kusukela ku-soleá kuya ku-tangos nama-peteneras. Ngo-1999, okuqoshiwe kwakhe kwamenyezelwa njenge-Asset of Cultural Interest of the Andalusian Heritage, ukuqashelwa kwethonya lakhe ku-flamenco.
UJose Mercé
Ngeminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 yomsebenzi, UJose Mercé kube omunye wabahlaziyi abakhulu be-contemporary flamenco, egcina isiko lika-Cante Jondo liphila ngenkathi ihlola ukuhlanganisa okusha nezinye izinhlobo zomculo. Wazalelwa e-Cádiz ngo-1955, waqala ukuqopha ama-albhamu kusukela esemncane, ehlala ethembekile ezimpandeni ze-flamenco, kodwa ezuza impumelelo ebalulekile kwezohwebo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe.
Abanye abaculi abadumile be-flamenco
- U-Antonio Canales isithombe sokubamba: Lo mdansi wase-Sevillian ube ngomunye wabantu abanethonya elikhulu emkhakheni womdanso we-contemporary flamenco.
- Intombazane kaPastori: U-María Rosa García ungomunye wabaculi abakwaziyo ukuhlanganisa i-flamenco nezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-pop, okwazi ukufinyelela izethameli eziningi.
- Joaquin Cortes: Umdidiyeli nomdansi odumile we-gypsy oguqule umdanso we-flamenco ngesitayela sakhe esisha, wawuyisa ezigabeni ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe.
- Carmen Linares isibeki sendawo image: Umnikazi wezwi eliyingqayizivele, uqashelwe ngekhono lakhe lokudlulisa imizwa yokucula kwe-flamenco.
I-Flamenco iwubuciko obuhlala njalo eminyakeni edlule, futhi abaculi okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla bangabanye balabo abaye babamba iqhaza ekugcineni le nkulumo enhle yamasiko iphila. Kusukela kubadansi besilisa nabesifazane kuya kubaculi neziginci, ngamunye ushiye uphawu lwakhe kulobu buciko, egcina ingqikithi yawo kodwa futhi ewuvumela ukuthi uguquke futhi uhlangane nezinye izinhlobo eziheha izethameli ezincane.
Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-flamenco, ayikho indlela engcono kunokuhambela umbukiso obukhoma. Kuma-tablaos e-flamenco emadolobheni afana ne-Seville, iMadrid ne-Granada, ungazibonela mathupha ukushuba kwemizwelo nothando lwe-flamenco ngendlela emsulwa. Uzothola nokuqoshwa okuhlukahlukene kwabaculi abadumile okukhulunywe ngabo, okutholakala ezinkundleni zomculo futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele ubuhle nobunkimbinkimbi be-flamenco kusuka noma yikuphi emhlabeni.
I-Flamenco ayiwona nje umculo noma umdanso. Kuwukuvezwa komlando, isiko nesiko esiyingqayizivele esikwazile ukukhuthaza izizukulwane zonke, futhi esizoqhubeka senza kanjalo, sihlala sibalulekile kuyo yonke iminyaka.