Ezikhathini ezingaphezu kwesisodwa siyizwile inganekwane yeBigfoot. Kodwa-ke, okwaqala njengenganekwane sekuzuze isithakazelo emphakathini wesayensi, ikakhulukazi ngocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yiNyuvesi yase-Oxford kanye neMuseum of Zoology yaseLausanne, abahlongoze ukulandela le izigxivizo zeminwe zofuzo ze-Yeti. Ukuhlola izakhi zofuzo abazenzayo zifuna ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba khona kwe-humanoid engahlukaniswanga phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo zabantu zanamuhla, okutholakele okungaguqula ukuqonda kwethu ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu.
Ubani u-Bigfoot?
I-Bigfoot, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Bigfoot noma i-Sasquatch, Ichazwa njengesidalwa esibukeka njengenyamazana enkuluImbozwe ngoboya futhi inobude obumangalisayo obusuka ku-1.83 kuya ku-2.13 wamamitha, izinganekwane ngobukhona bayo zidlulela kulo lonke elaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States naseCanada, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni nasemahlathini. Sekungamashumi eminyaka abantu bebona lesi silwane ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalawa ma-akhawunti lichithiwe njengamanga noma izenzakalo zemvelo ezichazwe ngokungeyikho. Nakuba ubufakazi obuphathekayo bokuba khona kukaBigfoot buye bungatholakali, lokhu akubavimbanga ososayensi abafana noBryan Sykes waseWolfson College, e-Oxford, onqume ukwenza uphenyo oluhlelekile ukuze ahlaziye izinsalela okuthiwa zabangelwa yilesi sidalwa sasenganekwaneni.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi: Yini abafuna ukuyibonisa?
Imizamo yakamuva yesayensi ayigxilile kuphela ekunqumeni ubukhona be-Bigfoot, kodwa futhi nokuphenya amanye ama-humanoid adumile afana Yeti (i-Himalayan Yeti), iMigoi, i-Almasty yezintaba zaseCaucasus, kanye ne-Orang Pendek yaseSumatra. Iphrojekthi kaSykes isekela ucwaningo lwayo ekuhlanganisweni kobufakazi obaqoqwa eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu isazi sezilwane uBernard Heuvelmans, owaziwa ngokuhlola kwakhe kanye nokusesha izinhlobo zezilwane ezingakatholwa. Leli qoqo lihlanganisa izinsalela zezinwele, izinyawo kanye nezinye izingcezwana eziphilayo Lawa masampuli ahlaziywa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kofuzo okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kutholwe noma yibuphi ubufakazi be-DNA obungahambisani nezinhlobo ezaziwayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA, esikhathini esidlule obekuvumela ukuhlaziya okulinganiselwe kuphela, kuthuthuke kakhulu ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi yezobunhloli. Lokhu kuye kwavumela amasampula ezinwele zasendulo nezinye izinsalela ukuthi zicutshungulwe ngokunemba okukhulu, okuletha imiphumela eqinisekisayo. Uma ukuhlolwa kwembula i-DNA eyingqayizivele, lokhu kungase kuphakamise ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ze-hominid ezingabhalwanga ezikhathini zanamuhla.
Yini etholakele kuze kube manje?
Kuze kube manje, imiphumela ixutshiwe. Ngokusho kukaSolwazi Sykes, emasampulini ahlaziywe, kuvele ukuthi aphuma ezilwaneni ezijwayelekile njengamabhere, amahhashi nama-raccoon. Nokho, Kunamacala athakazelisayo, njengokutholakala kwezinwele ezibonisa ukuxhumana ne-DNA ye-polar bear fossil. (Ursus maritimus) kusukela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-40.000 edlule, ephakamisa imibuzo eyengeziwe mayelana nokuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kwalokhu okubonwayo kanye nezinhlobo ezishabalala noma inhlanganisela yezilwane. Isibonelo esigqamayo salolu cwaningo kwakuyi- ukutholwa kwe-DNA exhunywe kukhokho oyedwa wamabhere amhlophe namabhere ansundu kumasampuli aqoqwe e-Himalayas. Lokhu kuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo kwaholela kumbono wokuthi ezinye zezinganekwane ze-Yeti zingase zisekelwe ekubonweni kwezinhlobo ezingaziwa zebhere okungenzeka ukuthi zazihlala ezindaweni ezikude.
Izimfihlakalo ze-Yeti: I-Hybridization noma ukusinda?
I-Yeti ibilokhu ingumthombo wokuthakazelisa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70. Ngo-1951, uhambo oluya eNtabeni i-Everest olwaluholwa umkhweli wezintaba waseBrithani u-Eric Shipton lwabuya nezithombe zezinyathelo ezinkulu eqhweni. Lezi zithombe zavusa igagasi lesithakazelo esisaqhubeka nanamuhla. Abanye ososayensi baye bahlongoza inkolelo-mbono yokuthi i-Yeti ingaba uhlobo oluxubile, oluphuma ku- IGigantopithecus, umdondoshiya owahlala e-Asia kwaze kwaba yiminyaka engaba ngu-100.000 XNUMX edlule. Lesi sixhumanisi, nakuba siwukuqagela, singenye yemibono eminingi ekhuthaza abacwaningi ukuba baqhubeke befuna izimpendulo ezintabeni ezimbozwe yiqhwa zaseHimalaya.
I-Bigfoot ne-Homo sapiens? Imibono emisha
Ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-Bigfoot iwuhlobo lwezilwane ezingakatholwa, kunemibono ephakamisa ukuthi kungaba igatsha elingalodwa lama-Neanderthals noma olunye uhlobo lwabantu olungasekho olwasinda ezindaweni ezikude. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi I-Neanderthal DNA iyingxenye ye-genome yabantu banamuhlangephesenti elincane. Lokhu kuxutshwa kwezakhi zofuzo nezinhlobo zabantu basendulo kuye kwaholela abanye ekusikiseleni ukuthi i-Bigfoot ingaba isilwane esiphilayo esiphilayo, esingachaza ukubonakala okuningi ezindaweni ezikude ezisezintabeni lapho izimo ezimbi kakhulu beziyovumela lolu hlobo ukuba luphile ngokuhlukanisiwe naso sonke isintu.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA: Imiphumela kuze kube manje nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwahlolwa amasampula amaningi ezinwele nezinye izinsalela ze-Yeti ne-Bigfoot. Eminye yemiphumela etholiwe iye yamangaza. Isibonelo:
- Izinwele eziqoqwe e-Himalaya okwavela ukuthi zingamabhere ansundu namahhashi.
- Isampula lezinwele ezivela okungenzeka ukuthi i-Bigfoot eNyakatho Melika okuvele ukuthi ibhere elimnyama.
- Kodwa-ke, amasampula ezinwele amabili ahlaziywa eBhutan naseLadakh abonise ukufana kofuzo ne-DNA evela ezinsalela zebhere elimhlophe kusukela eminyakeni engu-40.000 edlule, ephakamisa imibono emisha mayelana ne-hybrid engaba khona phakathi kwamabhere amhlophe namabhere ansundu.
Lobu bufakazi buye banyatheliswa ezincwadini zesayensi ezidumile, njenge-Proceedings of the Royal Society B, enikeza izifundiswa isisekelo esiqinile sokucwaninga okwengeziwe ngalezi zinganekwane ezithakazelisayo. Nakuba bungekho ubufakazi obucacile bokuba khona kweBigfoot noma i-Yeti kuze kube manje, Intuthuko yezofuzo iyaqhubeka nokuvula amathuba amasha okuhlaziya Ngokujulile.
Iqhaza lofakazi nokubona
Intshisekelo ezidalweni ezifana ne-Yeti ne-Bigfoot ayisekelwe kuphela ebufakazini obuphathekayo, kodwa futhi nemibiko eminingi yokubonwayo. Ukusuka eNyakatho Melika kuya e-Asia, Kunamakhulu abantu abathi babone izidalwa ezinobude obukhuluembozwe ngoboya, futhi enezici ezifanayo nalezo ezichazwe ezinganekwaneni. Lezi zindaba ziqoqwe ososayensi abasebenzisa amasu amasha ukuze belaphe ngendlela ehlelekileAbantu ababike ukuthi babonwe yini bayacelwa ukuthi banikeze noma yiziphi izingcezu ezibonakalayo noma imikhondo ehlobene nalezi zidalwa. Naphezu kokungabaza okuvamile, ofakazi baphikelela ngokuthi lokho abakubonile akunakuchazwa njengamaphutha nje okuqonda. Minyaka yonke, kubikwa ama-Bigfoot amasha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamahlathi enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States. Nakuba eminingi yale mibiko ichithwa njengamanga noma ifaniswa nezinye izilwane, ukuphikelela kwalezi zindaba kuyaqhubeka kukhulisa isifiso sokuthola ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda. Nakuba ubukhona be-Bigfoot noma i-Yeti bungakaqinisekiswa, i Ucwaningo lwesayensi lunikeza inkundla eqinile yokuqhubeka nokuhlola ubufakazi. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo kusisondeza ekuxazululeni enye yezimfihlakalo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ku-cryptozoology.