Ezikhathini ezingaphezu kwesisodwa siyizwile inganekwane yeBigfoot. Kodwa-ke, okwaqala njengenganekwane sekuzuze isithakazelo emphakathini wesayensi, ikakhulukazi ngocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yiNyuvesi yase-Oxford kanye neMuseum of Zoology yaseLausanne, abahlongoze ukulandela le izigxivizo zeminwe zofuzo ze-Yeti. Ukuhlola izakhi zofuzo abazenzayo zifuna ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba khona kwe-humanoid engahlukaniswanga phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo zabantu zanamuhla, okutholakele okungaguqula ukuqonda kwethu ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu.
Ubani u-Bigfoot?
I-Bigfoot, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Bigfoot noma i-Sasquatch, Ichazwa njengesidalwa esibukeka njengenyamazana enkulu, embozwe izinwele futhi inobude obumangalisayo obuphakathi kwamamitha angu-1.83 kuya ku-2.13. Izinganekwane zokuba khona kwayo zasakazeka kuyo yonke inyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni nasemahlathini ase-United States naseCanada.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka abantu bebona lesi silwane ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalawa ma-akhawunti lichithiwe njengamanga noma izenzakalo zemvelo ezichazwe ngokungeyikho. Nakuba ubufakazi obuphathekayo bokuba khona kukaBigfoot buye bungatholakali, lokhu akubavimbanga ososayensi abafana noBryan Sykes, waseWolfson College, e-Oxford, onqume ukwenza ucwaningo oluhlelekile ukuze ahlaziye izinsalela okuthiwa zabangelwa yilesi sidalwa sasenganekwaneni.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi: Yini abafuna ukuyibonisa?
Imizamo yakamuva yesayensi ayigxilile kuphela ekunqumeni ubukhona be-Bigfoot, kodwa futhi nokuphenya amanye ama-humanoid adumile afana Yeti (i-Snowman of the Himalayas), i-Migoi, i-Almasty yezintaba zaseCaucasus kanye ne-Orang Pendek yaseSumatra.
Iphrojekthi kaSykes isekela ucwaningo lwayo ekuhlanganisweni kobufakazi obaqoqwa eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu isazi sezilwane uBernard Heuvelmans, owaziwa ngokuhlola kwakhe kanye nokufuna izinhlobo zezilwane ezingakatholwa. Leli qoqo lihlanganisa izinsalela zezinwele, izinyawo kanye nezinye izingcezwana eziphilayo okuthi, ngokuhlolwa kofuzo okuthuthukisiwe, kuhlaziywe ukuze kutholwe noma yibuphi ubufakazi be-DNA obungahambisani nezinhlobo ezaziwayo kakade.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA, obekuvumele ukuhlaziya okulinganiselwe esikhathini esidlule, kuthuthuke kakhulu ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi yezobunhloli. Lokhu kuvumele amasampula amadala ezinwele noma ezinye izinsalela ukuthi zicutshungulwe ngokunemba okukhulu, okuhlinzeka ngemiphumela eqinisekisayo. Uma ukuhlola kubonisa i-DNA eyingqayizivele, lokhu kungase kuphakamise ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ze-hominid ezingarekhodiwe ezikhathini zethu zanamuhla.
Yini etholakele kuze kube manje?
Kuze kube manje, imiphumela ixutshiwe. Ngokusho kukaSolwazi Sykes, emasampulini ahlaziywe, kuvele ukuthi aphuma ezilwaneni ezijwayelekile njengamabhere, amahhashi nama-raccoon. Nokho, Kunamacala athakazelisayo, njengokutholakala kwezinwele ezibonisa ukuxhumana ne-DNA ye-polar bear fossil. (Ursus maritimus) kusukela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-40.000 edlule, ephakamisa imibuzo eyengeziwe mayelana nokuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kwalokhu okubonwayo kanye nezinhlobo ezishabalala noma inhlanganisela yezilwane.
Isibonelo esigqamayo salolu cwaningo kwakuyi- ukutholwa kwe-DNA exhunywe kukhokho oyedwa wamabhere amhlophe namabhere ansundu kumasampuli aqoqwe e-Himalayas. Lokhu kuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo kwaholela kumbono wokuthi ezinye zezinganekwane ze-Yeti zingase zisekelwe ekubonweni kwezinhlobo ezingaziwa zebhere okungenzeka ukuthi zazihlala ezindaweni ezikude.
Izimfihlakalo ze-Yeti: I-Hybridization noma ukusinda?
Icala le-Yeti liye laba yindaba yokuthakazelisa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70. Ngo-1951, uhambo oluya eNtabeni i-Everest olwaluholwa umqwali wezintaba waseBrithani u-Eric Shipton lwabuya nezithombe zezinyathelo ezinkulu eqhweni. Lezi zithombe zavusa igagasi lesithakazelo esisaqhubeka nanamuhla.
Abanye ososayensi baye bathi i-Yeti ingaba uhlobo oluxubile, oluphuma ku- IGigantopithecus, umdondoshiya owahlala e-Asia kwaze kwaba yiminyaka engaba ngu-100.000 XNUMX edlule. Lesi sixhumanisi, nakuba siwukuqagela, singenye yemibono eminingi ekhuthaza abacwaningi ukuba baqhubeke befuna izimpendulo ezintabeni ezimbozwe yiqhwa zaseHimalaya.
I-Bigfoot ne-Homo sapiens? Imibono emisha
Ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-Bigfoot iwuhlobo lwezilwane ezingakatholwa, kunemibono ephakamisa ukuthi kungaba igatsha elingalodwa lama-Neanderthals noma olunye uhlobo lwabantu olungasekho olwasinda ezindaweni ezikude. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi I-Neanderthal DNA iyingxenye ye-genome yabantu banamuhla, ngephesenti elincane.
Lokhu kuhlangana kwezakhi zofuzo nezinhlobo zabantu basendulo kuye kwaholela abanye ukuba basikisele ukuthi i-Bigfoot ingase ibe isilwane esiphilayo esiphilayo, okungachaza inqwaba yezinto ezibonwa ezindaweni ezikude ezisezintabeni lapho izimo ezimbi kakhulu zaziyovumela lezi zinhlobo ukuba ziphile ngokuhlukanisiwe naso sonke isintu.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA: Imiphumela kuze kube manje nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwahlolwa amasampula amaningi ezinwele nezinye izinsalela ze-Yeti ne-Bigfoot. Eminye yemiphumela etholiwe iye yamangaza. Isibonelo:
- Izinwele eziqoqwe e-Himalaya okwavela ukuthi zingamabhere ansundu namahhashi.
- Isampula lezinwele ezivela okungenzeka ukuthi i-Bigfoot eNyakatho Melika okuvele ukuthi ibhere elimnyama.
- Kodwa-ke, amasampula ezinwele amabili ahlaziywa eBhutan naseLadakh abonise ukufana kofuzo ne-DNA evela ezinsalela zebhere elimhlophe kusukela eminyakeni engu-40.000 edlule, ephakamisa imibono emisha mayelana ne-hybrid engaba khona phakathi kwamabhere amhlophe namabhere ansundu.
Lobu bufakazi buye banyatheliswa ezincwadini zesayensi ezidumile, njenge-Proceedings of the Royal Society B, enikeza izifundiswa isisekelo esiqinile sokucwaninga okwengeziwe ngalezi zinganekwane ezithakazelisayo. Nakuba bungekho ubufakazi obucacile bokuba khona kweBigfoot noma i-Yeti kuze kube manje, Intuthuko yezofuzo iyaqhubeka nokuvula amathuba amasha okuhlaziya Ngokujulile.
Iqhaza lofakazi nokubona
Intshisekelo ezidalweni ezifana ne-Yeti ne-Bigfoot ayisekelwe kuphela ebufakazini obuphathekayo, kodwa futhi nemibiko eminingi yokubonwayo. Ukusuka eNyakatho Melika kuya e-Asia, Kunamakhulu abantu abathi babone izidalwa ezinobude obukhulu, embozwe izinwele, futhi enezici ezifana nalezo ezichazwe ezinganekwaneni.
Lezi zindaba ziqoqwe ososayensi abasebenzisa amasu amasha ukuze belaphe ngendlela ehlelekile. Abantu ababike ukuthi babonwe yini bayacelwa ukuthi banikeze noma yiziphi izingcezu noma iminonjana ebonakalayo ehlobene nalezi zidalwa. Naphezu kokungabaza okuvamile, ofakazi baphikelela ngokuthi lokho abakubonile akunakuchazwa njengamaphutha alula okuqonda.
Minyaka yonke, kuba nemibono emisha ye-Bigfoot, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamahlathi enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States. Nakuba eminingi yalemibiko iphikiswa njengamanga noma ukudideka nezinye izilwane, ukuphikelela kwalezi zindaba kuyaqhubeka kukhulisa isifiso sokuthola ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda.
Nakuba ubukhona be-Bigfoot noma i-Yeti bungakaqinisekiswa, i Ucwaningo lwesayensi lunikeza inkundla eqinile yokuqhubeka nokuhlola ubufakazi. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo kusisondeza ekuxazululeni enye yezimfihlakalo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ku-cryptozoology.