Isiko lamaMaya lashiya uphawu olujulile emlandweni waseMesoamerica, futhi amasiko abo awumthombo oqhubekayo wokutadisha, ukumangala nokutuswa. Naphezu kokucekelwa phansi nokulahlekelwa kwamanye amasiko ngenxa yobukoloni baseYurophu, ngenxa yesayensi yemivubukulo kanye nezifundo zomlando, sekutholakele ulwazi oluningi mayelana nempilo yansuku zonke, amasiko nezinkolelo zamaMeya. Lesi sihloko sihlola ngokujulile amasiko abo kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni, okuhlanganisa nemikhuba yabo yobuhle nenkolo, ebonisa ubuntu babo obuyimfihlakalo nobungokomoya.
I-horoscope nokuzalwa emasikweni aseMeya
Kusukela ngesikhathi ingane izalwa, amaMayya amzungeza ngemikhuba ekhethekile. Babekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukuma kwamaplanethi nezinkanyezi kwakuthonya kakhulu ikusasa lazo. Lezi zinkanyezi zabuzwa abapristi abakhethekile, abatshela ukuthi kwakuyiluphi usuku oluhle lokuqamba usana olusanda kuzalwa, olusekelwe ku-horoscope ekhethekile. Lokhu kuxoxisana nezinkanyezi kukhombisa ukuxhumana okujulile amaMeya ayenakho nomkhathi, lapho akhipha khona izimpendulo hhayi kuphela ngokuzalwa, kodwa nangezenzakalo ezibalulekile ekuphileni kwawo kwansuku zonke.
Ukubeletha emasikweni kaMayan
Esinye isiko lokuzalwa elishaqisayo ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla kwakuyindlela abesifazane baseMeya ababebeletha ngayo. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, bazibopha entanjeni elenga ogoqweni, baqhubeka beququda nemilenze yabo igobile. Umyeni wadlala indima esebenzayo ngalesi sikhathi: wamgona ngemuva, eshaya ekhanda lakhe. Le nqubo yayinencazelo engokomfanekiso, ngoba kwakukholelwa ukuthi ngomoya namandla omuntu, umntwana angazalwa kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unkulunkulukazi u-Ixchel, ohlonishwa njengonkulunkulukazi wenzalo, wanxuswa kulo mkhuba, ebonisa indlela inkolo nengokomoya okwakuhlobana ngayo kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-Cranial
La i-cranial deformation Ingenye yemikhuba eyaziwa kakhulu yamaMayan futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunzima ukuyiqonda ngokombono wesimanje. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuzalwa, izingane zenza inqubo lapho amabhodi abekwa emakhanda azo, elinye esiphongweni elinye emhlane. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukulungisa isimo sogebhezi lwekhanda, balwelule ngomzamo wokulingisa isimo ababesibheka njengesihle futhi sisihle ngobuhle. KumaMeya, lokhu kuguqulwa kwakungelona nje uphawu lobuhle, kodwa futhi isenzo senkolo esihloselwe ukuheha ukunaka konkulunkulu enzalweni yomndeni.
I-Strabismus noma i-squint
Njengamanje, i-strabismus (i-squint) ibhekwa njengesici samehlo esilungiswa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kumaMeya, ukuba namehlo angalungile kwakubhekwa njengophawu lokuhlukanisa nobuhle. Omama baseMeya babevame ukulenga amabhola amancane e-resin ezinweleni zezingane eziwela phezu kwamehlo azo. Ukuhamba njalo kwebhola kwabangela ukuba izingane zikhule i-strabismus, okwathi, nakuba ingalungiswa, yafunwa njengophawu lobuhle olwaziswa ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezikhulu zamaMaya.
Isitayela sekhanda le-Mayan
Isitayela sezinwele siphinde sadlala indima ebalulekile emphakathini wamaMeya. Abesifazane babefaka izinwele zabo zibe imiluko emibili, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda, kuyilapho amadoda evame ukuba nesibindi kakhulu ngezitayela zabo. Amanye amadoda ayephuca amakhanda kuphela, kuyilapho amanye aze ashise izinwele, ashiye ama-bangs ayewabopha ngomnsalo ukuze aqedele ukubukeka kwawo. Lolu hlobo lwezinwele lwalungaphezu nje kwemfashini; Kwakuwukubonakaliswa kwesikhundla somphakathi futhi, ezimweni eziningi, uphawu lwezinkolelo zabo ezingokomoya.
Ukubhoboza amakhala
Ukubhoboza umzimba ngesiko lamaMeya kwakunencazelo ejulile yenkolo nezenhlalo. Ngenkathi kwezinye izimpucuko ukubhoboza kwakuwukuhlobisa nje, phakathi kwamaMayans lesi senzo sathola incazelo engokomoya eyengeziwe. Ababusi kanye nabathandekayo babo yibo ababevame ukubhoboza amakhala, futhi babeka amatshe ayigugu njengenhlaka kuwo. Lesi senzo asigcinanga nje ngokubanikeza ukubukeka okuhlukile, kodwa futhi sasiyindlela yokubonisa isimo sabo esiphakeme nokuxhumana nonkulunkulu.
Amazinyo acwiyiwe
Ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo, ezikhathini zamanje, kugxile ekugcineni ubuqotho bamazinyo. Nokho, amaMeya ayenombono ohluke ngokuphelele. Omunye wemikhuba emangalisa kakhulu, futhi ebuhlungu ngokubona kwethu, kwakuwukufaka amazinyo esaweni. Ukwengeza, ama-disc amancane e-jade noma e-obsidian ashunyekwe emazinyweni awo njengengxenye yesiko lokuhlobisa. Kubo, lokhu kucwiywa kwamazinyo kwakuwumkhuba omuhle kakhulu owawubaxhumanisa nonkulunkulu ngokusebenzisa amatshe ayigugu.
Umshado emphakathini wamaMeya
Umshado phakathi kwamaMeya wawuyisikhungo esibaluleke kakhulu kwezenhlalo nezomnotho. Imindeni yayijwayele ukuhlela imishado ngomlingani, owaziwa ngokuthi i-atanzahab. Izinyunyana zazingasekelwe kakhulu othandweni, kodwa phezu kobudlelwane phakathi kwemindeni, okuyinto eseduze nalokho esikwazi namuhla njengemishado ehleliwe. Umkhwenyana kwadingeka asebenzele uyise kamakoti isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba azinze nomkakhe, okuyisivumelwano esasiqinisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwemindeni.
Umkhosi we-Hetzmek
Lapho abafana namantombazane aseMeya beneminyaka ephakathi kwezintathu nezine ubudala, babe ngaphansi komkhosi wakwaHetzmek. Kulo mkhosi, izingane zazifakwa okhalweni luka-godfather (uma kungumfana) noma unkulunkulukazi (uma kwakuyintombazane). Lo mkhuba wawuhloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zingane zikhula zinempilo enhle futhi ngaphansi kokuvikelwa konkulunkulu. Umkhosi wakwaHetzmek wawungesinye seziqalo zokuqala zezingane ezakhiweni zezenhlalo nezenkolo zesiko lamaMayan.
Iminikelo yegazi nemihlatshelo yabantu
Njengoba kubhekwa njengenye yempucuko ethuthuke kakhulu yesikhathi sabo, amaMeya nawo ayenezinkolelo ezijulile mayelana nobuhlobo phakathi konkulunkulu nabantu. Ngokombono wabo wezwe, onkulunkulu bachithe igazi ukuze badale isintu, ngakho amaMayya ayekholelwa ukuthi kufanele alibuyisele lelo gazi konkulunkulu bawo. Yazalwa kanje imihlatshelo yabantu neminikelo yegazi. Nakuba abantu babenganikelwanga ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwakuvamile eziboshwa zempi, kuyilapho ababusi nemikhaya yabo benza imihlatshelo emincane ngokunqunywa izingxenye zemizimba yabo ukuze kukhishwe igazi.
Inkolo nomqondo wokufa esikweni lamaMayan
Inkolo yamaMaya yayixhumene ngokujulile nemvelo. U-Itzamnaaj, unkulunkulu ongumdali, wayengomunye wabayinhloko, kodwa kwakukhona nabanye onkulunkulu abaxhumene nommbila, imvula nesibhakabhaka. AmaMeya ayekholelwa ukuthi yilabo kuphela abafa emihlatshelweni, labo abafa bezalwa, nababusi abakhuphukela ezulwini. Ayekholelwa ukuthi amakhosi ayengabaxhumanisi phakathi konkulunkulu nabantu, eqinisekisa isiphetho esikhethekile ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa.
Ukungcwatshwa kwakunencazelo engaphezu kwemvelo esikweni lamaMayan. Izidumbu zangcwatshwa nokudla okufana nesinkwa nommbila, kwabekwa iminikelo ukuze abashonile bahambe nazo uma beya empilweni yangemuva kokufa. Amasiko ayewenzelwa emathuneni ngenhloso yokuthola umusa kunkulunkulu ngokungenela komuntu oshonile, okubonisa ukuthi ubukhona bokhokho babo babubaluleke kangakanani ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nokuqhubeka kwabo emjikelezweni waphakade wendalo.
Impucuko yamaMeya ivame ukukhunjulwa ngezimpumelelo zayo kwezokwakha, izibalo kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi, kodwa imikhuba yayo yamasiko, nakuba ngokuvamile ingaqondwa kahle, yembula okuningi ngendlela yayo yokubona umhlaba. Kuzo zonke izenzo zabo, kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni, amaMeya ayefuna ukuzwana nendawo yonke, onkulunkulu nokhokho.