Konke izinkanyezi we-Universe ngokufanayo ukuthi zingamabhola amakhulu egesi akhiqiza ukukhanya lapho kushiswa uphethiloli wawo, kodwa akuzona zonke ezilinganayo ezinkulu noma ezikhanya ngendlela efanayo. ILanga lethu, ngokwesibonelo, lingelesigaba se-G2 esibukwayo futhi yilokho okwaziwa njengesihlava esiphuzi, inkanyezi ephakathi nendawo enokuphila kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi.
ILanga: Izici ezijwayelekile
Nakuba iLanga lethu limaphakathi ngobukhulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinkanyezi eMhlabeni, lidlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga. ILanga lisibekela 99,86% wesisindo sohlelo sonozungezilanga, okuyenza ibe yinto enkulu kakhulu kuze kube manje. Le nkanyezi yohlobo I-G2V Ikhanya ngaphezu kwama-85% ezinkanyezi ku-Milky Way, iningi lazo okuyizinto ezincane ezibomvu. Nakuba iLanga libonakala liyinkanyezi ezinzile, lidlula ezigabeni ezihlukene phakathi nokuphila kwalo, kusukela ekubunjweni kwalo kuze kube sekufeni kwalo ekugcineni liyinkanyezi emhlophe.
Ikilasi le-Spectral G2 kanye nomjikelezo wempilo weLanga
ILanga lingelesigaba se-spectral G2, okusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa layo elingaphezulu lizungezile 5,778 degrees Kelvin. Izinkanyezi zaleli klasi zaziwa ngokuthi imifino ephuzi, futhi ube nempilo ende ewusizo. Ngokwesibonelo, iLanga lethu selifinyelele ingxenye yokuphila kwalo, cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.500 kusukela labunjwa.
Ngasekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, the imifino ephuzi, njengeLanga, ziyakhukhumala, ziphindaphindeka ubukhulu bazo futhi zibe imidondoshiya ebomvu. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi iLanga lizokhula lifinyelele cishe endaweni yeSolar System lapho uMhlaba ukhona.
Ekugcineni, ngemuva kokuqeda uphethiloli walo, iLanga lizophinde libe nenkontileka. Kulesi sigaba, igesi oyishiya ngemuva izokwakha ifu elihle elikuzungezile elaziwa ngokuthi a i-nebula yamaplanethi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngemva kwezigidigidi zeminyaka, iLanga lizoyeka ukukhanya futhi libe mnyama, ekugcineni liphole futhi libe inkanyezi. umnyama omnyama.
Ukuvela kwezinkanyezi nekusasa leLanga
Lesi sigaba sokufa kwe-stellar sivamile ezinkanyezini eziningi eziyinhloko ezilandelanayo. Izinkanyezi ezifana neLanga, ezinobuningi obufanayo, zivela ngezindlela ezibikezelwayo. Isibonelo, ukukhanya okukhishwa yiLanga kwakhiwe ukukhanya okubonakalayo okungama-40% kanye nokukhanya kwe-infrared okungama-50%.
ILanga, elinenqwaba cishe 1.989 x 10^30 amakhilogremu, izoqhubeka nenqubo yayo yokuhlanganisa i-nuclear yokuguqula i-hydrogen ibe i-helium ngabanye 5,000 izigidi zeminyaka. Lapho umnyombo usuphelile i-hydrogen, i-helium izoqala ukuhlangana ibe ikhabhoni, okuphawula ukuqala kokushintshela kwayo emdondoshiya obomvu.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi seLanga
ilanga a indawo enkulu ye-plasma kushisa kakhulu. Ngaphakathi, kuhlukaniswa izingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko: ingqikithi, indawo ekhipha imisebe kanye nendawo yokuqondisa. Umnyombo uyingxenye eshisa kakhulu, futhi yilapho ukuhlangana kwe-nuclear ekhiqiza amandla kwenzeka. Amandla avelayo athuthwa kuqala ngezoni ekhipha imisebe abese edlula endaweni yokugudluza ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele ku-photosphere, esuka lapho ekhishelwa emkhathini ngendlela yokukhanya okubonakalayo.
Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo salo sangaphakathi, iLanga liphinde libe nomkhathi ohlanganisa i-chromosphere ne-corona. Phakathi nokusitheka kwelanga okuphelele, i-corona ibonakala njenge-halo emhlophe ekhanyayo ezungeze iLanga.
Inqubo ye-nuclear fusion: Injini yeLanga
Amandla eLanga akhiqizwa ngokuhlangana kwe-nuclear, inqubo lapho i-hydrogen nuclei ihlangana khona ukuze yakhe i-helium, ikhiphe inani elikhulu lamandla. Le nqubo yenziwa ngaphansi komgomo we Isibalo se-Einstein, E=mc², okuguqula inani elincane kakhulu lesisindo libe inani elibalulekile lamandla.
Umjikelezo we-hydrogen fusion enkabeni yeLanga ukhiqiza isamba esikhulu samandla, ekugcineni adedelwe njengokukhanya nokushisa. Lokhu kuhlangana futhi kukhiqiza izinhlayiya ezaziwa ngokuthi neutrinos, ezihamba odabeni ngaphandle kokumuncwa.
Esigabeni sokugcina sokuphila kwayo, lapho iLanga liphelelwa yi-hydrogen, lizoqala ukuhlanganisa i-helium enkabeni yalo, okuzoyiholela ekwandeni futhi libe umdondoshiya obomvu. Ekugcineni, ngemva kokuguqulwa kwayo ekubeni mhlophe, insalela encane yenkazimulo yayo yangaphambili iyosala.
Ukubaluleka kweLanga empilweni yasemhlabeni
ILanga alibalulekile nje kuphela kuSolar System ngokwemibandela yamandla adonsela phansi, kodwa libalulekile empilweni yasemhlabeni. Izitshalo, ikakhulukazi, zincike ekukhanyeni kwelanga ukuze zenze i-photosynthesis, inqubo eguqula amandla eLanga abe ukudla kwezinhlobo eziningi zokuphila eMhlabeni.
Ukwengeza, ukushisa okukhiqizwe yiLanga yikho okugcina amazinga okushisa oMhlaba engaphakathi kwebanga okuhlalwa kulo. Ngaphandle kwamandla elanga, umjikelezo wamanzi ubungeke ube khona, futhi uMhlaba ubuyoba iplanethi engenakuphila ngendlela esiwazi ngayo.
El umoya welanga, eyakhiwe ngezinhlayiya ezishajayo ezikhishwa yiLanga, idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwezimo ezifana nezibani zasenyakatho. Ukwengeza, iLanga linesibopho sokuthonya isimo sezulu sasemkhathini, esingaphazamisa ezokuxhumana kanye nezinhlelo zokuhamba ngesathelayithi Emhlabeni.
Ilukuluku ngeLanga
- ILanga lithatha izinsuku ezingama-25 zoMhlaba ukuqedela ukujikeleza enkabazwe, kodwa ezigxotsheni isikhathi sokuzungeza sinwetshwa sibe yizinsuku ezingama-36.
- ILanga likhipha ukukhanya nokushisa, kodwa emkhathini walo, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-corona, amazinga okushisa afinyelela ngaphezu kuka-2.000.000 ºC, ephakeme kakhulu kunobuso balo.
- Kuthatha ukukhanya okuvela elangeni cishe imizuzu eyi-8 nemizuzwana eyi-19 ukufika eMhlabeni.
Naphezu kwezici zalo ezimangalisayo, iLanga liyinkanyezi eyodwa nje phakathi kwezigidigidi ze-Milky Way. Kodwa-ke, ukubaluleka kwayo empilweni eMhlabeni akungabazeki, futhi ikusasa layo njengomdondoshiya obomvu nomhlophe kuzoba umcimbi omangalisayo we-cosmic.