Ngemuva kokugqama emkhakheni wezobuntatheli nezincwadi, nokungena kwezombusazwe, U-Abraham Valdelomar Wakhethwa njengesekela le-Ica. Kodwa-ke, impilo yakhe yaphazamiseka kabuhlungu e-Ayacucho, lapho athola khona ingozi eyashona ngoNovemba 3, 1919, ehhotela ledolobha lapho kwakubanjwe khona i-Regional Congress.
Naphezu kokushona kwakhe kungakabi yisikhathi, ifa lakhe lokubhala liqhubekile nokuthola amandla emashumini eminyaka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezincwadi zakhe. izindaba, izinkondlo kanye nokulandisa, izinga lakhe nokufaneleka kwakhe kumbeke njengomunye wababhali basePeru abanethonya elikhulu ekhulwini lama-20.
Impilo yafinyezwa esicongweni sayo
UValdelomar wayeneminyaka engu-31 kuphela ubudala lapho elahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe, nakuba ungebanzi kangako, ubaluleke kakhulu ngokwemibhalo. UValdelomar wayezofinyelelani ukube wayephile isikhathi eside?
Ngokungangabazeki, ithonya lakhe laliyoba likhulu nakakhulu. Iminikelo yakhe yayibalulekile kuzo zombili izinkondlo nasekulandiseni, okwenza kucace ithalente lakhe eliyingqayizivele kanye nekhono lakhe lokuguqula izincwadi zasePeruvia.
Izinga elisemthethweni lomsebenzi wakho
Umsebenzi wokubhala ka-Valdelomar awuminingi, kodwa ugqama ngekhwalithi yawo ehlelekile engangabazeki kanye nokubaluleka kwawo okukhulu kumongo wamasiko wasePeruvia.. Umthelela wakhe ube njalo, kanye César Vallejo, ungomunye wababhali abafundelwa futhi abafunde kakhulu ezikoleni nasezikhungweni zemfundo ePeru. Lokhu kwenza kucace ukuthi u-Valdelomar akagcinanga nje ngokushiya uphawu lwakhe emibuthanweni yezincwadi ekhethiwe kakhulu, kodwa futhi wazuza ukuxhumana okujulile nabantu basePeruvia ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwezemfundo.
Isitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele, esixuba i-costumbrismo nokumangalisayo, samvumela ukuthi alandise izindaba ezinogqozi olujulile, afune izinhlamvu ezivela kumongo wakhe wesifundazwe kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya zasePeru. Lokhu kwenza kube yinkomba ebalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthuthuka kwezindaba ezimfishane ezweni.
Umxoxi wezindaba ohlukahlukene
U-Valdelomar wayengumbhali ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibhalo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe omfushane kodwa okhiqizayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zayo okukhulunywa ngazo kukhona izinkondlo, izindaba, ama-eseyi, imilando yezintatheli namadrama. Izinkondlo zakhe, ikakhulukazi, ziyaziswa ngayo ubulula, amazwi okucula nokuzenzakalela. Abaningi bambheka njengomunye wezingqwele ezinkulu zasePeru ngekhono lakhe lokuveza imizwa ejulile esebenzisa ulimi olufinyelelekayo nolunamandla.
Phakathi kwezinkondlo zikaValdelomar ezaziwa kakhulu, i-melancholic "I-Tristitia” kanye nenkondlo ethinta inhliziyo “Umfowethu ongekho esidlweni sePhasika”, zombili izingcezu ezisheshe zaba yizinkondlo zasePeruvia futhi eziqhubeka nokufundwa ezikoleni nasemanyuvesi asePeruvia.
Mayelana nomkhakha wokulandisa, yilapho umbhali ebonakala eshiye khona konke okusemandleni akhe. Abagxeki bayaqaphela ukuthi uValdelomar wathi abalingiswa bedolobha kanye nezindawo zezifundazwe ngobusha nobuqiniso obungaziwa kuze kube manje ezincwadini zezwe lakhe. Le ndlela yokwenza kwamvumela ukuthi athuthukise ukulandisa okuthwebule impilo yasemaphandleni ngendlela eqotho nenemibalabala, ethinta izindikimba zomhlaba wonke ngokusebenzisa izidalwa zendawo. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe eyizifanekiselo kakhulu kulolu hlobo ihlanganisa izindaba ezaziwa kakhulu njengokuthi “Indiza ye-Condors","I-hippocampus yegolide","UHebaristo, umzala owafa ngothando"Futhi"Amehlo kaJude".
Indaba emfushane esemqoka iyasebenza
- Indiza ye-Condors (1914): Le ncwadi ichaza ukuthakaseleka kuka-Abrahama ebuntwaneni ngesekisi nobuhle bomculi osemusha oyisishwibi ogama lakhe lingu-Miss Orchid. Kuyingxenye yezindaba zakhe ezidume kakhulu ngama-lyrics athambile kanye nokuvusa kwawo ubuntwana.
- I-hippocampus yegolide (1914): Kule ndaba ebabazekayo ebabazekayo, umbhali uxuba izici zezinganekwane zamaGreki nesiko elidumile lasePeru, ukufeza indaba ethakazelisayo egcwele izimpawu. Indaba ibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphezulu kolimi lwenkondlo kanye nephimbo layo elithambile.
- Umbumbi: Kule ndaba, u-Valdelomar ulandisa ngokuningiliziwe ngempilo yomuntu we-mestizo ovaleleke phakathi kwemihlaba emibili. Indaba igqama ngokuveza kwayo ukungezwani kwezenhlalo namasiko ngesikhathi sayo.
- Amehlo kaJude (1914): Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kombhali, le ndaba ikhuluma ngezihloko eziminyene njengokufa ngokombono womuntu ojulile. U-Valdelomar uyakwazi ukuthwebula umuzwa wokuphelelwa ithemba ongavela ezinhlekeleleni zansuku zonke ngendaba eshukumisayo ephethe ingane.
Ngale kwezindaba: Izinkondlo kanye nethiyetha emsebenzini kaValdelomar
Nakuba aziwa ngokuyinhloko njengombhali wezindaba ezimfushane, u-Valdelomar uphinde wangenela ngempumelelo izinkondlo nethiyetha. Phakathi kwamaqoqo akhe ezinkondlo, izingoma ezisondelene njengokuthi “I-Tristitia”, lapho umbhali edalula umphefumulo wakhe nokuzwela kwakhe kwezingoma.
Emkhakheni omangalisayo, uValdelomar wenza izinkundla eziphawulekayo ezifana nomsebenzi wakhe "Purslane”, inhlekelele yomfundisi eyamukelwa kahle kakhulu ngabagxeki besikhathi sayo naphezu kokungaphelele.
Ifa lika-Valdelomar ezincwadini zasePeruvia
UValdelomar wadlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni wezincwadi wasePeru. Wayengomunye wabasunguli be I-Colonid Movement, inhlangano yezincwadi eyagqama engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 futhi eyayiyisihluthulelo sokuvela kwesimanjemanje ePeru. Umagazini wakhe obizwa ngokuthi, "Colónida", wawuyindawo yokushicilela eyasiza ukusabalalisa imisebenzi yakhe kanye neyabanye ababhali ababalulekile basePeruvia.
Kanye nababhali abanjengoCésar Vallejo, uValdelomar uthathwa njengomunye wamaphayona we izincwadi zesimanje zasePeruvia. Ukuthakasela kwakhe isitayela sesimanje kanye nekhono lakhe lokuveza indawo yesifundazwe ngendlela enothile kwambeka phambili ngesikhathi sakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkondlo zakhe, ezavela ku-modernism kuya ku-postmodernism, zimenza umbhali ongayeki ukuzama izindlela ezintsha zokukhuluma kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Umthelela womsebenzi wakhe ezincwadini zaseLatin America
Naphezu kokuphila kwakhe okufushane, umsebenzi kaValdelomar waba nethonya elikhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwePeru. Ezinye zezindaba zakhe zihunyushelwe kwezinye izilimi futhi igama lakhe livela ku-anthologies ehlukahlukene yezincwadi zaseLatin America.. Eqinisweni, izindaba zakhe ezimbalwa zihunyushwe njengokuthuthukisa ubuqiniso bomlingo, umkhuba owawuzothuthukiswa kamuva ngababhali abafana noGabriel García Márquez.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi uValdelomar wayengeyena nje umanduleli wemibhalo, kodwa futhi isifundiswa esinethonya, eyakhuthaza ukucatshangelwa komsebenzi wezincwadi komagazini abasakazwa kabanzi. Ukukhiqizwa kanye nesitayela sakhe kushiye uphawu ezizukulwaneni zabalobi bakamuva, ababona kuValdelomar hhayi nje umlobi onekhono, kodwa futhi nomholi ohlakaniphile wesikhathi sakhe.
UValdelomar uyaqhubeka, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu ngemva kokufa kwakhe, a umuntu obalulekile phakathi kwe-panorama yamasiko yasePeruvia. Izindaba nezinkondlo zakhe zifundwa futhi zifundwe ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ifa lakhe liye labhekwa njengeGugu Lesintu Lesizwe yiNational Library yasePeru.
Izincwadi zasePeruvia, ngokungangabazeki, azinakuqondwa ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokucabangela umnikelo obalulekile ka-Abraham Valdelomar, indoda eyayikwazi ukuveza njengabambalwa ukuphila nemizwa yomuntu ovamile ezweni elisafuna ubunikazi balo bamasiko. .