Ngemuva kokugqama emkhakheni wezobuntatheli nezincwadi, nokungena kwezombusazwe, U-Abraham Valdelomar Wakhethwa njengesekela le-Ica. Kodwa-ke, impilo yakhe yafinyezwa kabuhlungu e-Ayacucho, lapho athola khona ingozi eyashona ngoNovemba 3, 1919, ehhotela ledolobha lapho kwakubanjwe khona i-Regional Congress. Naphezu kokushona kwakhe kungakabi yisikhathi, ifa lakhe lokubhala liqhubekile nokuthola amandla phakathi namashumi eminyaka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezincwadi zakhe. izindaba, izinkondlo kanye nokulandisa, izinga lakhe nokufaneleka kwakhe kumbeke njengomunye wababhali basePeru abanethonya elikhulu ekhulwini lama-20.
Impilo yafinyezwa esicongweni sayo
UValdelomar wayeneminyaka engu-31 kuphela ubudala lapho elahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe, nakuba ungebanzi kangako, ubaluleke kakhulu ngokwemibhalo. UValdelomar wayezofinyelelani ukube wayephile isikhathi eside?
Ngokungangabazeki, ithonya lakhe laliyoba likhulu nakakhulu. Iminikelo yakhe yayibalulekile kuzo zombili izinkondlo nasekulandiseni, okwenza kucace ithalente lakhe eliyingqayizivele kanye nekhono lakhe lokuguqula izincwadi zasePeruvia.
Izinga elisemthethweni lomsebenzi wakho
Umsebenzi wokubhala ka-Valdelomar awuminingi, kodwa ugqama ngekhwalithi yawo ehlelekile engangabazeki kanye nokubaluleka kwawo okukhulu kumongo wamasiko wasePeruvia.. Umthelela wakhe ube njalo, kanye César VallejoU-Valdelomar ungomunye wababhali abafundelwa kakhulu futhi abafundeka kabanzi ezikoleni nasezikhungweni zemfundo zasePeruvia. Lokhu kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi u-Valdelomar akagcinanga ngokushiya uphawu lwakhe emibuthanweni yezincwadi ekhethiwe kakhulu kodwa futhi wakha ukuxhumana okujulile nabantu basePeruvia ngohlelo lwezemfundo. Isitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele, inhlanganisela yombala wendawo kanye nenganekwane, kwamvumela ukuba alandise izindaba ngendlela ecacile, enikeza izwi kubalingiswa abavela kumongo wakhe wesifundazwe kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya zasePeru. Lokhu kumenza abe ngumuntu obalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthuthukiswa kwezindaba ezimfishane ezweni.
Umxoxi wezindaba ohlukahlukene
U-Valdelomar wayengumbhali ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibhalo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe omfushane kodwa okhiqizayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zayo okukhulunywa ngazo kukhona izinkondlo, izindaba, ama-eseyi, imilando yezintatheli namadrama. Izinkondlo zakhe, ikakhulukazi, ziyaziswa ngayo ubulula, amazwi okucula nokuzenzakalelaAbaningi bambheka njengengcweti enkulu yasePeru ngekhono lakhe lokuveza imizwa ejulile esebenzisa ulimi olufinyelelekayo nolunamandla. Phakathi kwezinkondlo zikaValdelomar ezaziwa kakhulu kukhona i-melancholic “I-Tristitia” kanye nenkondlo ethinta inhliziyo “Umfowethu ongekho esidlweni sePhasikaZombili izingcezu zasheshe zaba yizinkondlo zasePeruvia futhi ziyaqhubeka nokufundwa ezikoleni nasemanyuvesi asePeruvia. Mayelana nomkhakha wokulandisa, yilapho umbhali ebonakala ephumelele khona. Abagxeki bayavuma ukuthi uValdelomar waqinisekisa abalingiswa bedolobha kanye nezindawo zezifundazwe ngobusha nobuqiniso obungaziwa kuze kube manje ezincwadini zezwe lakhe. Le ndlela yokwenza kwamvumela ukuthi athuthukise ukulandisa okuthwebule impilo yasemaphandleni ngendlela eqotho nenemibalabala, ethinta izindikimba zomhlaba wonke ngokusebenzisa izidalwa zendawo. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe eyizifanekiselo kakhulu kulolu hlobo ihlanganisa izindaba ezaziwa kakhulu njengokuthi “Indiza ye-Condors“,”I-hippocampus yegolide“,”UHebaristo, umzala owafa ngothando“Futhi”Amehlo kaJude“.
Indaba emfushane esemqoka iyasebenza
- Indiza ye-Condors (1914): Le ncwadi ichaza ukuthakaseleka kuka-Abrahama ebuntwaneni ngesekisi nobuhle bomculi osemusha oyisishwibi ogama lakhe lingu-Miss Orchid. Kuyingxenye yezindaba zakhe ezidume kakhulu ngama-lyrics athambile kanye nokuvusa kwawo ubuntwana.
- I-hippocampus yegolide (1914): Kule ndaba ebabazekayo ebabazekayo, umbhali uxuba izici zezinganekwane zamaGreki nesiko elidumile lasePeru, ukufeza indaba ethakazelisayo egcwele izimpawu. Indaba ibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphezulu kolimi lwenkondlo kanye nephimbo layo elithambile.
- Umbumbi: Kule ndaba, u-Valdelomar ulandisa ngokuningiliziwe ngempilo yomuntu we-mestizo ovaleleke phakathi kwemihlaba emibili. Indaba igqama ngokuveza kwayo ukungezwani kwezenhlalo namasiko ngesikhathi sayo.
- Amehlo kaJude (1914): Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kombhali, le ndaba ikhuluma ngezihloko eziminyene njengokufa ngokombono womuntu ojulile. U-Valdelomar uyakwazi ukuthwebula umuzwa wokuphelelwa ithemba ongavela ezinhlekeleleni zansuku zonke ngendaba eshukumisayo ephethe ingane.
Ngale kwezindaba: Izinkondlo kanye nethiyetha emsebenzini kaValdelomar
Nakuba aziwa ngokuyinhloko njengombhali wezindaba ezimfushane, u-Valdelomar uphinde wangenela ngempumelelo izinkondlo nethiyetha. Phakathi kwamaqoqo akhe ezinkondlo, izingoma ezisondelene njengokuthi “I-Tristitia”, lapho umbhali edalula umphefumulo wakhe kanye nokuzwakala kwezingoma. Emkhakheni omangalisayo, u-Valdelomar wenze izinkundla eziphawulekayo ezifana nomsebenzi wakhe “Purslane”, inhlekelele yomfundisi eyamukelwa kahle kakhulu ngabagxeki besikhathi sayo naphezu kokungaphelele.
Ifa lika-Valdelomar ezincwadini zasePeruvia
UValdelomar wadlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni wezincwadi wasePeru. Wayengomunye wabasunguli be I-Colonid MovementInhlangano yemibhalo eyagqama engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 futhi yayiyisihluthulelo sokuvela kwesimanjemanje ePeru. Umagazini wayo ongaziwa, othi, “Colónida,” wawuyincwadi eyasiza ukusabalalisa imisebenzi yakhe kanye neyabanye ababhali ababalulekile besikhathi esifanayo basePeruvia. Kanye nababhali abafana noCésar Vallejo, uValdelomar uthathwa njengomunye wamaphayona alo mnyakazo. izincwadi zesimanje zasePeruvia. Ukuthakasela kwakhe isitayela sesimanje kanye nekhono lakhe lokuveza indawo yesifundazwe ngendlela enothile kwambeka phambili ngesikhathi sakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkondlo zakhe, ezavela ku-modernism kuya ku-postmodernism, zimenza umbhali ongayeki ukuzama izindlela ezintsha zokukhuluma kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Umthelela womsebenzi wakhe ezincwadini zaseLatin America
Naphezu kokuphila kwakhe okufushane, umsebenzi kaValdelomar waba nethonya elikhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwePeru. Ezinye zezindaba zakhe zihunyushelwe kwezinye izilimi futhi igama lakhe livela ku-anthologies ehlukahlukene yezincwadi zaseLatin America.Eqinisweni, izindaba zakhe ezimbalwa zihunyushwe njengezifanekisela ubuqiniso bomlingo, umnyakazo kamuva owagqugquzelwa ababhali abanjengoGabriel García Márquez. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi uValdelomar wayengeyena nje umanduleli wemibhalo, kodwa futhi futhi isifundiswa esinethonyaokwabangela ukuba kucatshangelwe umkhuba wokubhala komagazini abasakazwa kabanzi. Umsebenzi wakhe nesitayela sakhe sishiye uphawu ezizukulwaneni ezalandela zababhali, ababona kuValdelomar hhayi nje umlobi onekhono, kodwa futhi nomholi ohlakaniphile wesikhathi sakhe. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu ngemva kokufa kwakhe, uValdelomar usalokhu engu- umuntu obalulekile phakathi kwe-panorama yamasiko yasePeruviaIzindaba nezinkondlo zakhe zifundwa futhi zifundwa njalo, futhi ifa lakhe limenyezelwe njengeGugu Lesizwe LeSiko nguMtapo Wezincwadi Kazwelonke wasePeru. Izincwadi zasePeruvia, ngokungangabazeki, azinakuqondwa ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokucabangela umnikelo obalulekile ka-Abraham Valdelomar, indoda, njengabanye abambalwa, eyathatha ukuphila nemizwa yomuntu ovamile ezweni elisafuna ubunikazi balo bamasiko.