Isisho “izilwane ezingenangqondo” Kubonakala kulula kakhulu, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho siqala phansi, kuvela izingxoxo zefilosofi, zenkolo, zokuziphatha, ngisho nezingxoxo zansuku zonke. Kusukela ku-Kant noma ku-Aristotle kuya kudokhumentari ku-La 2 noma uchungechunge lwe-Netflix, leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukukhuluma ngomehluko phakathi kwabantu nezinye izidalwa… futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubuza ukuthi ubani oziphatha ngendlela enengqondo kakhudlwana.
Kulesi sihloko sizohlola zonke izici zomqondo wesilwane esingenangqondoSizohlola ukuthi ifilosofi ithini, ukuthi ubuKristu (ikakhulukazi isiko lamaKatolika) bugcinani, ukugxekwa kwanamuhla kwalo mqondo ngenxa yezwi lawo elihlambalazayo, ukuxhumana kwawo namalungelo ezilwane, ngisho nendlela ongena ngayo kumakholomu ephephandaba, ezindabeni, ekucabangeni kokuphila, kanye nasezindabeni zomndeni. Sizobona nokuthi, kaningi, lapho sikhuluma ngezilwane “ezingenangqondo”, sigcina kanjani siveza ubandlululo lwethu. ukungacabangi kwabantu.
Kusho ukuthini ukubiza isilwane ngokuthi “asicabangi”?
Lapho beqhubeka besitshela esikoleni ukuthi abantu bangabantu “isilwane esinengqondo”Kwacatshangwa ukuthi konke okunye “kwakungenangqondo.” Ngamanye amazwi, izilwane ezingezona abantu zazichazwa ngokunembile yilokho ezazintula: ukucabanga, ukucabanga okungaqondakali, ikhono lokucabanga ngokuhle nokubi, njll. Kusukela kulokhu, kwakhiwa umehluko omkhulu: sicabanga ukuthi, zenza kuphela ngokwemvelo.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi baveze ukuthi igama elithi “okungenangqondo” lisho incazelo yobuhlanya, ubuwula noma ukungabi nangqondo okuyinto engalungile uma isetshenziswa ezilwaneni. Umsebenzisi oxoxa ngoKant ubonisa lokhu ngesibonelo esicacile kakhulu: ukusho ukuthi izilwane azinangqondo kungafana nokuthi “ziyimishini emibi” ngoba azazi ukuthi zilungiswa kanjani izimoto. Inkinga akukhona ukuthi bazilungisa kabi, kodwa ukuthi nje Akukho ngaphakathi kwendawo yabo yobuchwephesheAkunangqondo ukubasola ngokuntula okuthile abangakaze banikwe kona.
Kusukela kulo mbono, izilwane ngeke zibe nengqondo noma zibe ngenangqondo: zizomane zibe Abanalo ukuqonda ngomqondo womuntuFuthi uma bengenalo lelo khono, bekungeke kube namsebenzi ukubasola ngokulisebenzisa kabi. Ukungacabangi, okuqondwa njengokusetshenziswa okuphambene noma okuphambene kwesizathu, kungaba yindaba yomuntu kuphela. Umuntu okwazi ukucabanga okunengqondo kuphela ongaphambuka kulokho kucabanga.
Lo mbono uhambisana nokuqonda okubanzi: iqiniso “ukungacabangi” okukhulu Izimpi, ukuqothulwa kohlanga, ubushiqela, kanye nonya oluhleliwe akwenzeki ezinhlotsheni zezimpisi noma emakoloni ezintuthwane, kodwa emiphakathini yabantu eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izilwane, ngokulinganiselwa kwazo kanye nemvelo yazo, azivamile ukusondela ezingeni lokungabi nangqondo esilifinyelelayo thina bantu lapho silahlekelwa yingqondo.
Umbono wamaKristu namaKatolika “ngezilwane ezingenangqondo”
EbuKristwini, ikakhulukazi emasikweni amaKatolika, leli gama “isilwane esingenangqondo” Inokusetshenziswa okucacile kakhulu nobuchwepheshe: ibhekisela kunoma yisiphi isidalwa esingesona umuntu esingenawo umphefumulo onengqondo. Lo mqondo ubalulekile ngoba akukhona nje ukuthi izilwane azicabangi “kakhulu” njengathi, kodwa ukuthi, ngokwemfundiso yenkolo, ziyingxenye yesigaba esihlukile sokuba khona.
imfundiso yenkolo yakudala, njengaleyo ka U-Saint Thomas Aquinas ku-Summa TheologicaUhlukanisa phakathi komphefumulo onengqondo (ofanele umuntu), umphefumulo ozwelayo (ofanele izilwane), kanye nomphefumulo wezitshalo (ofanele izitshalo). “Izilwane ezingenangqondo” zingawela eqenjini elinjalo. Inokuzwela, ukunyakaza, kanye nomzwelo.kodwa hhayi ukuqonda kwengqondo okukwazi ukucaphuna, ukwakha izahlulelo zokuziphatha, noma ukufuna injongo engaphezu kwemvelo. Yingakho kuthiwa izilwane Abakwazi ukuthola amasakramente futhi abahlanganyeli empilweni yomusa njengoba kwenza abantu.
Kusukela kulo mbono, izenzo zezilwane ezingenangqondo ziqondiswa ngokuyisisekelo yi umuzwa wemvelo kanye nokuthambekela kwemvelohhayi ngokucabanga ngamabomu ngalokho okulungile noma okungalungile. Bangase babonise ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngisho nohlobo lokuhlakanipha okusebenzayo noma inkumbulo, kodwa abafinyeleli ezingeni lokukwenza lokho. qonda imiqondo yokuziphatha evamile noma ukukhetha ngokukhululeka phakathi kokuhle nokubi ngomqondo oqinile umuntu awenzayo.
Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi umuntu “unamandla okubusa” izilwane, njengoba kungacatshangwa ngokufunda kweBhayibheli, akusho ukuthi angazisebenzisela ngaphandle komkhawulo. Imfundiso yobuKristu igcizelela ukuthi lokhu kubusa kumelwe kusetshenziswe umthwalo wemfanelo, umusa, nokugwema unyaUkuphathwa kabi kwezilwane okungafanele kubhekwa njengokululaza abantu ngokwabo, ngoba kukhuthaza ukungabi naluzwela futhi kuqede ububele okufanele sibusebenzise nakomakhelwane bethu.
Kulesi simo, kugcizelelwa ukuthi izilwane azizona banesibopho ngokokuziphatha ngezenzo zaboAkunakushiwo ukuthi inja “iyona” lapho iluma noma ukuthi ibhubesi “lenza okubi” lapho libulala isisulu salo. Abanayo inkululeko yangaphakathi efunwa ukuziphatha kwabantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyaqashelwa ukuthi ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane kungaba nemiphumela emphefumulweni womuntu, ngokusijwayeza ubudlova noma ukunganaki izimpilo zabanye.
Emakhulwini okuqala obuKristu, igama elithi “izilwane ezingenangqondo” lalisetshenziswa futhi umqondo ongokomfanekisoAbalobi abangamaKristu besikhathi samaPatristiki baqhathanisa abantu ababezivumela ukuba baqhutshwe ngokuphelele yizinkanuko zabo, ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwengqondo, nezilwane ezingenakuqonda. Lesi sithombe sasebenza njengesixwayiso sokuziphatha: lapho silahla ukuzindla nokuzithiba, siba ngabantu abangenabo ubuntu futhi sisondela ezingeni lomuntu ongokwemvelo kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhuba wokukhulekela izilwane kwezinye izinkolo zasendulo wagxekwa njengohlobo oluthile ukukhonza izithombe okungenangqondoUkukhulekela izidalwa ezingenasizathu kwakubhekwa njengokuphambuka kuNkulunkulu oyedwa weqiniso. Kusukela kulo mbono, inkinga kwakungeyona izilwane ngokwazo, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi ukuphakanyiswa kube sesimweni saphezulu into engahlanganyeli ekucabangeni futhi lokho kuyingxenye yendalo.
Amalungelo ezilwane kanye nokungacabangi kwabantu
Umkhuba wamuva kakhulu, ovela emikhakheni yokuziphatha neyomthetho, uthi impikiswano akufanele igxile kakhulu ekutheni izilwane zinengqondo noma azinangqondo, kodwa ekuqapheleni lokho. “Zonke izilwane zinamalungelo”ISimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Ezilwane, esiphefumulelwe yiSimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu, siqala ngesingeniso esinamandla esixhumanisa ukungazi la malungelo kanye ubugebengu obumelene nemvelo kanye nezilwane ngokwazo.
Leso sandulela sithi ukuqashelwa, uhlobo lwabantu, kwelungelo lokuba khona kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kuyisisekelo se- ukuhlala ndawonye okulinganiselayo emhlabeni kanye nezinqubo ezifana impovaKukhona ukufana okuphazamisayo phakathi kwamandla esintu okuqothulwa kohlanga kanye nengozi yokuthi sizoqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo, okusikhumbuza ukuthi ukuhlonipha izilwane… kuhlobene kakhulu nenhlonipho phakathi kwabantuAkukhona nje ukuba “nomusa” ezilwaneni ngenxa yozwela; indlela esiziphatha ngayo isho lukhulu ngokuthi singobani nokuthi yini esizimisele ukuyenza kwabanye abantu.
Lesi Simemezelo sigcizelela nokubaluleka kwe- imfundo kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuqaphela, ukuqonda, ukuhlonipha, nokuthanda izilwane. Uma sifundiswa kusukela sisebancane ukuthi izilwane zimane ziyizinsiza noma izinto zokukhonza izifiso zethu, kulula ngathi ukuzijwayeza ukuxhashazwa, ukuxhashazwa kanye nokubulawa ngokungakhethi, bephephela eqinisweni lokuthi “abanangqondo” futhi ngenxa yalokho, abananzuzo kangako.
Ipulatifomu yokuphathwa kwezilwane ngendlela yokuziphatha, ecashunwe esihlokweni sabezindaba, iphakamisa ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu embonweni: uma sibheka izilwane njenge “ozakwethu” noma ngisho “othisha”Singafunda okuningi kakhulu empilweni yabo, ekuqineni kwabo, kanye nempumelelo yabo. Nokho, ukubabheka njengezinto, kuvula umnyango wezenzo zonya ezivunyelwa kalula uma kukholakala ukuthi omunye umuntu akanayo imizwa noma akanandaba.
Lo mbono wokuziphatha kanye nowezomthetho awugcini nje emaphandleni noma emapulazini. Uphinde ubheke ama-zoo, amasekisi, izitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo, amalabhorethri, kanye nezindlulapho izinkulungwane zezilwane “zinikela ngokungcono kakhulu” (ubungane, umsebenzi, ukuzijabulisa, ucwaningo lwesayensi) kuyilapho abantu, ngokuvamile, besabela “ngaphandle konembeza.” Indida isobala: sizikholelwa ukuthi siyinhloko yokucabanga, kodwa-ke, Sivumela noma senza izenzo zonya ezisobala ngokumelene nezidalwa ezisengozini.
Abantu abanengqondo, izilwane ezingenangqondo… noma okuphambene nalokho?
Uma sibuyela endaweni yefilosofi neyansuku zonke, incazelo endala ka-Aristotle yomuntu njengo “isilwane esinengqondo” Ithole zonke izinhlobo zokuchazwa kabusha okubucayi. Kukhona ababhali besikhathi samanje, ngokubheka indlela umhlaba osebenza ngayo, abangathanda ukusichaza kabusha “njengezilwane ezinengqondo nezingenangqondo,” begcizelela ukuthi esimweni sethu sobuntu, lezi zici ezimbili ziyahambisana, ngezinye izikhathi zinokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo. izifiso zemvelo kanye nekhono lokuzindla.
Ukuzindla okude nokuqondene nomuntu siqu kukuchaza cishe ngolimi lokubhala: umuntu uyisilwane esinazo umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo kanye nowezinto eziphilayo okusobala, ngohlaka oluthinta inhliziyo, olunentshisekelo, nolwemvelo olulawula ingxenye kuphela, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lunikezwe inkululeko, ubuhlakani, ubuhlakani, nothando. Ukucabanga kwethu kuhambisana nobulwane obuvame Kugcwele kakhulu uma kungaqondiswa yizimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha. (ngokwefilosofi noma ngokwenkolo) okukhuthaza ukulinganisela nokuzithiba.
Umbhalo ubhekisela kumfanekiso we- Inqola kaPlatoInqola edonswa amahhashi amabili, elinye lihloniphekile kanti elinye alinawo amandla, lifanekisela amandla ahlukene omphefumulo womuntu. Sigcwele izinkanuko, izifiso, kanye nezifiso esingazilawuli ngaso sonke isikhathi. Eqinisweni, izimo ezimbi kakhulu ziyakhunjulwa lapho abazali bebhubhisa izingane zabo noma izingane zibhubhisa abazali bazo, njengesibonelo sezinga izithunzi zethu ezinganqoba ngalo.
Iphinde ixwayise ngezingozi zezinye izinqubo zomlando, zenhlalo kanye nezepolitiki Uma zingaphathwanga kahle, lezi zimo zingadala uhlangothi olungenangqondo lwesintu. Lapho abanye becindezela ngokungapheli kuyilapho abanye behlala bethule iminyaka eminingi, umphumela ungaba ukuqhuma okungazelelwe, “intaba-mlilo” yentukuthelo eqongelelekile ekhipha ubudlova nokuhlupheka. Umlando ugcwele le mijikelezo yobuhlungu nentukuthelo, edluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Phakathi nalesi simo, kuphakanyiswa njengesixazululo somuntu siqu ukuphephela ekuthuleni kwangaphakathi komuntuNgaphandle kokuphika iqiniso, kodwa ukuzama ukulivimbela ukuthi lingasibhubhisi ngaphakathi. Umbhali ukhuluma ngesidingo sokunakekela inhliziyo, engakwazi ukumelana nokuconsa njalo kosizi, usizi, nobuhlungu. Ekugcineni, labo abaye bashintsha izingcezu ebhodini le-chess lezombusazwe bavame ukuhamba, kanti labo abasele ngabantu abavamile, abanezabo. ubulwane kanye nokungacabangibaphoqelekile ukuthwala imiphumela.
Le ndlela igcina iveza abantu njengezidalwa ezikwazi ukucabanga kahle kakhulu futhi ukungacabangi okungenangqondo okukhuluOkwamanje, izilwane ezingezona abantu ziyaqhubeka nokwenza ngokwemvelo yazo, ngaphandle kokuhlela ukuqothulwa kohlanga noma ukuklama izinhlelo zokuxhashazwa kwabantu abaningi. Umbuzo ohlala usobala cishe: ubani ongenangqondo ngempela?
Izilwane ezingenangqondo empilweni yansuku zonke, emasikweni nakwezokuxhumana
Inkulumo ethi “isilwane esingenangqondo” ayigcini nje ngezincwadi zefilosofi noma zemfundiso yenkolo; Kuhlala kugxumela empilweni yansuku zonke kanye namasiko athandwayo.Ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa ekhaya, isibonelo, abantu abaningi bathole (noma bathola kabusha) amadokhumentari emvelo kuthelevishini yomphakathi. Ukubuka indlela izilwane eziphila futhi zizihlela ngayo kwaholela ekuqhathanisweni okungahleliwe nokuziphatha kwethu kwezenhlalo, futhi kwaba yisikhumbuzo sendlela Ukungcola okulula kushintsha imigqi yazo.
Ikholomu eyodwa ilandisa ukuthi, ngesikhathi ubukele lawo madokhumentari ku-La 2, Akukho silwane esabonakala sinikela ngokuzithandela inkululeko yaso ukungena ekhejini bese ubuka abanye bohlobo lwabo beboniswa. Uthi ngokumangalisayo, izilwane ezingenangqondo zinenhlanhla yokungazi imali noma ithelevishini, ngakho-ke ngeke ziphinde ziziphathe ngokunganaki njengathi, esivame ukuziphatha kabi Sizibopha ngenjabulo emikhubeni nasezinhlelweni ezingenangqondo.
Lowo mbhalo ofanayo ubhekisela ku- Inganekwane yamaGreki yeMinotaurIngxenye yomuntu, ingxenye yenkunzi, ukufanekisa umuntu ovumela uhlangothi lwakhe lwesilwane ngaphandle kwesiqondiso sokucabanga. Yithina lapho ukuqonda kwehluleka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokho okufanele nokungenangqondo. Isithombe sisebenza njengesibuko esiphazamisayo: lesi silo asisona esinye sangaphandle, kodwa into engavuka ngaphakathi kunoma ubani.
Intatheli yase-Italy uP. Aprile, encwadini yakhe “Ukudumisa Isiwula”Lokhu kwenezela olunye uhla kulolu hlaziyo. Kuphikisana ngokuthi abezindaba banamandla okwenza khulisa ubuwula obuhlangene Noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuyinqanda ngokuhlela okuqukethwe okuhlakaniphile. Uxwayisa imiphakathi yabantu, isengozini yokuba yizinkomo ezilawulwa kalula. Insindiso yethu itholakala emandleni okwenza izinqumo ezicatshangelwe kahle nezibucayi, yize singafundiswanga njalo ukwenza kanjalo.
Kulesi simo, ubuchopho bomuntu buvezwa njengesitho esiklanyelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga, hhayi ukuzidalaKodwa-ke, empeleni, “izingqondo eziningi ezicabangayo” zibonakala zigxile ekudaleni izingxabano. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo ongadingi mpendulo ofingqa imizwa yabaningi: obani abaziphatha ngendlela engenangqondo, izilwane ezingezona abantu noma abantu abathile okuthiwa banengqondo?
Izingathekiso zeBhayibheli kanye nokugxekwa kokuziphatha kwabantu
Kweminye imibhalo ephefumulelwe yi- isiko leBhayibheli nelobuKristuUkuqhathanisa phakathi kwabantu nezilwane ezingenangqondo kusetshenziselwa ukusola ukuziphatha kwabantu okuqondile kakhulu. Kubhekisela kubantu “abangaqondi lutho, abenza konke ngokuthanda kwabo, futhi abaphikisana ngalokho abangakuqondi,” futhi kubalinganisa nezilwane ezihloselwe ukuthunjwa nokuhlatshwa.
Lolu hlobo lolimi olungokomfanekiso lunzima, kodwa luhlose ukugcizelela ihlazo lokuziphatha Kuyacasula ukubona abantu benza izenzo ezimbi emini, bekholelwa ukuthi injabulo itholakala ekwenzeni noma yini abayithandayo. Ihlazo aliveli nje kuphela ezenzweni ezilimazayo ngokwazo, kodwa futhi nomsindo kanye nombukiso owenziwa ngazo, ngisho nasezimweni zenkolo noma zomphakathi.
Esinye isithombe esiphindaphindayo yileso se- “Izimpisi” ezilingisa ukuziphatha kwabantu abanjengoBalami noKoraAbantu baseBhayibhelini abahlotshaniswa nobugovu, ukuhaha, kanye nokwahlukana. Lezi zimpisi, ezingaqondwa njengabaholi noma abantu abanethonya, zizulazula emiphakathini ehlwanyela izingxabano kanye nesiphithiphithi. Ukukhala kwazo, ngokomfanekiso, kuzwakala ngaphakathi kwalabo abazivumela ukuba badliwe ubugovu.
Kule ndaba, impisi akuyona nje isilwane esingenangqondo, kodwa uphawu lohlangothi olubhubhisayo lwesintuIzenzo zalezi “zimpisi ezingabantu” ziholela ekubhujisweni, zisikhumbuza ukuthi kukhona intengo okufanele ikhokhwe ngokulandela ezinyathelweni zazo. Umphakathi wokholo ubizelwa ukuba uqaphe, ungadliwa yilezi zinto ezihlukanisa izimpilo zethu esizihlanganyelayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isithombe sesilwane esingenangqondo sisebenza lapha ukuze ukugxeka ukungabi nangqondo kwethuUma sikhuluma ngezimpisi ezihlukanisayo noma ngabantu abaziphatha kabi kunezilwane ezizohlatshwa, esikusolayo ngempela ukuthi, sinesizathu nenkululeko, sikhetha kanjani izindlela eziphikisana nesithunzi sethu kanye nokuhle kwabanye.
Izilwane ezingenangqondo ezincwadini, inkumbulo, kanye nenganekwane
Ngale kwezinhlelo ezinkulu zefilosofi noma zemfundiso yenkolo, inkulumo ethi “izilwane ezingenangqondo” nayo ivela ezimweni ezivamile kakhulu. okusondelene nokulandisaIsibonelo salokhu singatholakala encwadini eyazalwa uthando lokudweba ngemidwebo yemibala enemibala kanye nekhaya lomndeni eSigodini sase-Aran. Umbhali, ngesikhathi eseholidini, wanquma ukupenda, ngasinye ngasinye, izilwane ezivezwe ezindongeni zendlu etholakala ku-4 San Jaime Street, edolobheni laseLes.
Lowo msebenzi wokudweba uguqulwa ube yincwadi enikezelwe kuyo khumbula izilwane ezingenangqondo ezazihlala ndawonye endlini Ngandlela thile. Umbhali ucacisa, ngokucasuka, ukuthi ucabanga ngezidalwa ezingenangqondo kuphela; ukhetha ukungazikhathazi ngezinye izilwane, okungukuthi, abantu, okwamanje. Isilwane ngasinye sihambisana, uma kungenzeka, ama-anecdotes amancane kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho yenzelwe ukujabulisa abalingiswa bayo abaphambili.
Ezimweni lapho kungekho khona izindaba zomuntu siqu ezanele, umbhali waqala ukuphenya lezi zilwane, esebenzisa imithombo efana nethi I-Wikipedia kanye nezinye izinsiza zolwaziUmphumela wawuthakazelisa futhi ufundisa, okubonisa ukuthi ngisho nomsebenzi ozalwa ngomqondo “ongajwayelekile” ungaba ukuhlola okujulile kwesibopho phakathi komndeni nezidalwa eziye zahlala endaweni yazo.
Ngendlela ehluke kakhulu, umgxeki wamasiko uchaza umlingisi njengo “isilwane sasesiteji”Ukudlala ngomqondo wobulwane ukuze agqamise amandla amakhulu okuba khona kwakhe esikrinini. Uchungechunge adlala kulo, isethi yamahlaya eGalicia futhi etholakala epulatifomu enkulu yokusakaza, lugxile ngqo ku- ukunaka ngokweqile nokungenangqondo izilwane ezifuywayo.
Inganekwane ikhombisa abantu abathi Baphatha izilwane zabo ezifuywayo njengezinsana ezinoboya.abapenda izinzipho zabo noma abaziyisa kudokotela wezilwane bekhathazekile ngokucindezelwa okucatshangwayo konogwaja efulethini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuvela ama-subplot cishe inkohlakalo yemfuyo kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwabasebenziFuthi umlingiswa oyinhloko osuka ekubeni udokotela wezilwane wasemakhaya uye ekubeni udokotela wezilwane esitolo sezilwane esithengisa izilwane ezincane. Lolu chungechunge, olunemisindo yalo ehlekisayo yokudabuka, lusebenza njengesibuko esibonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha kwethu ezilwaneni kungaba okweqisayo, okuphikisanayo, futhi okuhlekisa kangakanani.
Abagxeki bakhomba ukuthi, nakuba lo mkhiqizo unamatheliswe ngokuvuma okuthile kokulunga kwezepolitiki, impumelelo yawo enkulu itholakala ekuboniseni kwawo okuhle “Ukweqisa okungenangqondo” ezilwaneniKubonisa ukuthi, ngezinye izikhathi, siveza kanjani imizwa, umuzwa wecala, nezidingo esingazi ukuthi singazisingatha kanjani endaweni yabantu. Noma kunjalo, uchungechunge luyahluleka uma kukhulunywa ngemibuzo emikhulu yokuphila, ngale nje kokubopha izinhloso ezikhululekile nokuxazulula amaphuzu angokomzwelo.
Kuzo zonke lezi zibonakaliso – izikhumbuzo, ukubuyekezwa kochungechunge, izihloko zamaphephandaba – igama elithi “isilwane esingenangqondo” lisetshenziswa kokubili kokubili ngomqondo wayo ongokoqobo nowokufanisaIngasetshenziswa ukukhuluma ngezinja, amakati, izinkomo noma izinyoni eziphila impilo yethu, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ukubhekisela kubantu abenza izinto beqondiswa yimizwa engacabangi, noma kubaculi abagcwele amandla emvelo esiteji.
Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sisho kwembula okwengeziwe mayelana indlela esizibona ngayo kunokuba sithi ngezilwane ngokwazo. Uma sithi othile “uyisilwane” noma “uziphatha njengesilwane esingenangqondo,” sisuke sahlulela ikhono lakhe—noma ukwenqaba kwakhe—ukusebenzisa isizathu okufanele sisichaze njengohlobo.
Lonke lolu hambo, kusukela eKant kuya kuthelevishini, kusukela emfundisweni yenkolo kuya kumalungelo ezilwane, kusukela enganekwaneni yeMinotaur kuya ochungechungeni mayelana nodokotela bezilwane kanye “nezingane ezifuywayo,” lusishiya nombono oyinkimbinkimbi: Izilwane ezingezona ezomuntu zenza ngokwemvelo yazo, ngaphandle kokuzenzisa ukuthi zinengqondo.Ngenkathi abantu, abaziqhenya ngokuba nengqondo kwethu, beshintshana phakathi kwezinqumo ezicacile kanye nokuziphatha okucishe kube yinto engenangqondo, ukubiza izilwane ngokuthi “azinangqondo” kungase kuhluleke noma kuzwakale kungafanele; mhlawumbe inselele yangempela ukufunda ukusebenzisa ingqondo yethu kangcono, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, sixhumane nezinye izidalwa ngenhlonipho eyengeziwe, ukuthobeka, kanye nokungaguquguquki.
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