Siphila esikhathini lapho isimo sezulu, ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokungcola Lezi zinkinga azisekho izinto ezikhathazayo ezikude futhi seziyingxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke: amagagasi okushisa, imililo, izikhukhula, isomiso, ukunyuka kwamanani kagesi, kanye nemikhawulo yamanzi. Konke lokhu kuhlobene nemvelo, futhi ukuze sikuqonde, sidinga umuntu ongakuchaza kahle. Yilapho ubuntatheli bezemvelo bungena khona.
Kunokuba yinto edlulayo, ubuntatheli obukhethekile bezemvelo Sekuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuchaza okwenzekayo emhlabeni, ukuthi ubani onesibopho, ukuthi lezi zinqubo zinamuphi umthelela ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, futhi, okubaluleke ngokulinganayo, ukuthi yiziphi izixazululo ezitholakalayo kithi. Izintatheli zezemvelo zihumusha imibiko yobuchwepheshe kanye nezingxoxo zesayensi zibe yizindaba ezingaqondwa yinoma ubani futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zibakhuthaza ukuba bahileleke.
Kuyini ubuntatheli bezemvelo futhi yiziphi izinhloso zabo?
Uma sikhuluma ngakho ubuntatheli bezemvelo Sibhekisela ekusakazweni kwezindaba okugxile emvelweni ngomqondo wayo obanzi: kusukela ezindaweni zemvelo nezilwane zasendle kuya enqubweni yesimo sezulu, amandla, umnotho oluhlaza, kanye nezingxabano zenhlalo nezemvelo. Kuqondiswe ezilalelini zabezindaba ezijwayelekile kodwa kudonsela emikhakheni eyahlukene: isayensi yemvelo, isayensi yezenhlalo, ezomnotho, umthetho, ezombusazwe, kanye nokuziphatha.
Ababhali abanjengoFernández-Reyes bayichaza ngokuthi Ubuntatheli obukhethekile obubhekana nolwazi olukhiqizwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nendawo ezizungezilekanye nezinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwemvelo uqobo. Abanye abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi ayilandisi nje amaqiniso ahlukene, kodwa izama ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlaziya izimbangela nemiphumela, kanye nokuhlonza imiphumela yokungenelela kwabantu emvelweni, ngokunaka kakhulu ukuwohloka kwayo.
Ubuntatheli bezemvelo buphishekela imigomo eminingana ecacile kakhulu. Phakathi kwayo, ukuchaza ngendlela efundisayo izindlela eziya entuthukweni esimemeUkuphakamisa ulwazi ngemvelo ngaphandle kokushumayela. Ihlose ukunikeza ulwazi olusha noluwusizo oluvumela izakhamuzi ukuthi zakhe imibono futhi zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngezindaba ezahlukahlukene njengokuphathwa kwamanzi, ukwanda kwamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezindawo zemvelo.
Omunye wemisebenzi yayo emikhulu ukufundisa: ukusiza ukuqonda ubunzima bemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimemeUkuhlela nokulungisa ulwazi ukuze umphakathi ungashiywa nombono oqhekekile. Esikhundleni sokumane ulandise ngezinhlekelele ezihlukene, uzama ukukhombisa izinqubo: ukuthi inhlekelele yenzeka kanjani, yiziphi izindlela zomnotho noma zezombusazwe eziyisimamisayo, kanye nezinye izindlela ezikhona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuntatheli bezemvelo bufisa ukukhuthaza impikiswano yomphakathi, ukudala ingxoxo nokwenza abantu bacabangeIfuna ukufaka isandla ekuhlanganisweni kwalolu lwazi olukhethekile emsebenzini wobuntatheli, ikhuthaza izifundo zokuthi ulwazi lwezemvelo luphathwa kanjani kwabezindaba, ukuthi yiziphi izindinganiso ezenza umcimbi wezemvelo uvumelane nohlelo lwabezindaba, noma ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezilandelwayo lapho kukhethwa imithombo.
Insimu ebanzi, ehlanganisa isayensi, ezombusazwe kanye nomphakathi
Esinye sezici ezihlukile zalolu lwazi olukhethekile ububanzi balo obukhulu bezindikimba. Ubuntatheli bezemvelo buwela umngcele phakathi kwesayensi, umphakathi kanye nezepolitiki.Ikhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi nangezomnotho; ngesayensi yezulu, kodwa futhi nangempilo yomphakathi; ngemithetho yaseYurophu, kodwa futhi nangemikhuba yansuku zonke efana nalokho esikudlayo noma indlela esinyakaza ngayo.
Kwabaningi ochwepheshe, kuwumsebenzi okumele ulondoloze okuthile ibanga ukusuka ekunyakazeni kwemveloUkufuna ukuzimela okufanayo okufunwa yinoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yezindaba. Ukubika ngemvelo akukwenzi ube yisishoshovu, njengoba nje ukumboza amacala enkantolo kungakwenzi ube yijaji, futhi ukusebenza kwezobuciko akukuphoqi ukuba ube ngumdlali. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukunganaki ukuthi uhlobo lwendaba luveza ingxenye yokuziphatha: ukubika ngokunembile ngenkinga yezemvelo kusho, empeleni, ukufaka isandla ekukhuliseni ukuqwashisa umphakathi.
Intatheli yase-Uruguay u-Víctor L. Bacchetta uchaza ubuntatheli bezemvelo njengo ukusakazwa kwabezindaba kwazo zonke izindaba ezihlobene nemveloUmhlaba, oqondwa njengeqoqo lezinhlelo zemvelo nezenhlalo lapho abantu nezinye izinhlobo behlala khona ndawonye. Lokhu kusho umbono ohlelekile: iplanethi ayibonwa njengesizinda, kodwa njengenethiwekhi yobudlelwano lapho noma yiluphi ushintsho lunemiphumela ebulalayo.
Yingakho ibhekwa njengenye yamagatsha aphelele kakhulu obuntatheli. Emkhakheni wezemvelo, Lonke lukhulu kakhulu kunesamba sezingxenye zalo.Futhi lowo mbono ophelele yilokho okulindelekile kochwepheshe: ukuqonda ukuthi imililo ihlobene kanjani nokushiywa kwezindawo zasemakhaya, noma ukuthi ukungcola komoya kuhlobene kanjani namamodeli okuhamba, ubumpofu bamandla kanye nezinqumo zenqubomgomo yamandla.
Imvelaphi kanye nokuvela kobuntatheli bezemvelo emhlabeni
Ukusabalala kokuqala kwezinkinga zemvelo kwanda kakhulu ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho I-ecology isiqala ukuvelela ohlelweni lwamazwe ngamazwePhakathi neminyaka yama-1960 kanye nama-1970, imibiko efana naleyo evela kwiClub of Rome noma ukugujwa koSuku Lomhlaba lokuqala yaphakamisa izixwayiso mayelana nemingcele yokukhula kanye nokuwohloka kwezindawo zemvelo.
Emazweni athuthukile, abezindaba sebeqala ukufaka izingxenye noma izikhala ezinikezelwe emvelweni kanye nemvelo. Kuvela izintatheli ezikhethekile kanye nomagazini abagxile emvelweniLezi zinguquko ziphawula ushintsho oluvela endleleni yokuxoxa indaba luye ekusakazweni okuqhubekayo. Kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yiThird World, lo mfutho ufike sekwephuzile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweNgqungquthela yaseRio ka-1992, eyabeka intuthuko esimeme esiphakathi kwempikiswano yomhlaba wonke.
Ngokukhula kwe-inthanethi kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana, ukuvela kwezinto kuyanda. Izinto ezintsha ziyavela. amabhulogi, ama-podcast, iziteshi ze-YouTube, kanye namaphrojekthi e-transmedia Lezi zihloko zisukela enkingeni yesimo sezulu kuya kwezemfashini eziqhubekayo kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo. Lokhu kwanda kwandisa ukufinyelela komyalezo wezemvelo, kodwa futhi kuletha izinselele ezintsha: ulwazi olungelona iqiniso, ukuhlanza imvelo, okuqukethwe okungaphelele, kanye nengcindezi evela ezithakazelweni zezomnotho nezepolitiki.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, intatheli yezemvelo iphoqelekile ukuqinisa ukuqina: qhathanisa imithombo, qinisekisa idatha, bese uhlela okuqukethwe Le misebenzi iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ijubane lezinkundla zokuxhumana lingqubuzana nobunzima bezinkinga zemvelo, futhi ochwepheshe kumele bathole ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokuphuthuma kolwazi kanye nokujula kwencazelo.
Ubuntatheli bezemvelo eSpain: izenzakalo ezibalulekile, amaphayona kanye nokuhlanganiswa
ESpain, ubuntatheli bezemvelo buqala ukubonakala ku- Iminyaka yawo-1970, ihlobene kakhulu nokunyakaza okulwa nenyukliya kanye nokuguquka kusuka ekubushiqela kuya entandweni yeningi. Ngaleyo minyaka, izintatheli eziningi zamukela izikhundla zobushiqela obala futhi zazihlanganisa nenhlangano yezemvelo eyayisafufusa, zigxeka amaphrojekthi anethonya elikhulu njengezitshalo zamandla enuzi noma amadamu amakhulu.
Izigaba eziningana ziphawula ukuqala kwaleso siqalo: ukuphahlazeka kwendiza nempahla yenuzi ePalomares (Almería, 1966), umzamo wokukhipha amanzi ezindaweni ezimanzi zaseTablas de Daimiel (ezazizoba yiNational Park ngo-1973), kanye nokungcola okukhulu koMfula iTagus, okwachazwa ezinye iziteshi zabezindaba ngokuthi “indle evulekile.” Konke lokhu kudinga ukunikezelwa isikhala esengeziwe kanye nokunaka okuqhubekayo ezindabeni zemvelo.
Esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile kwaba umthelela wohlelo lwethelevishini “Umuntu Nomhlaba” nguFélix Rodríguez de la FuenteLokhu kwavusa isithakazelo esikhulu emvelweni futhi kwaholela ekuveleni komagazini bokuqala abakhethekile (njenge-Alfalfa ne-El Ecologista) kanye nezinhlangano zokuqala zezemvelo zikazwelonke. Ngo-1977, i-Collective of Ecological Journalists yasungulwa eBarcelona, ebhekwa njengenhlangano yokuqala yobungcweti egxile kulo mkhakha.
Ngawo-80 kanye nawo-90, ubuntatheli bezemvelo base busungulwe ngokuqinile njengengxenye ehlukile. I-ejensi yezindaba ye-EFE yadlala indima ebalulekile, yakha ingxenye yezemvelo ezinikele ngaphakathi kwesigaba sayo samasiko, isayensi kanye nemvelo ngo-1992 futhi yethula… izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kanye nobuchwepheshe Ngaphansi kobuholi buka-Arturo Larena ovela kwi-EFE Foundation, i-EFE ibilokhu ihlinzeka ngezindaba zemvelo zansuku zonke eSpain naseLatin America iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili.
Ngo-2009 kwenzeka elinye igxathu eliya phambili ngokuzalwa kuka I-EFeverde, ipulatifomu yomhlaba wonke yobuntatheli bezemvelo kusukela e-ejensi. Lesi sinyathelo sisebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana, sakha amawebhusayithi anezindikimba, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, kanye namaphrojekthi okuqwashisa axhumanisa ezemidlalo, ukusimama, kanye nokongiwa kwemvelo (njengesiqondiso sezemidlalo kanye nokusimama okufakwe esikhwameni seqembu laseSpain eLondon 2012). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-EFeverde isibe umthombo ohamba phambili wolimi lwesiSpanishi futhi ithole imiklomelo efana ne-European Commission’s Natura 2000 Award yokuxhumana okungcono kakhulu kwemvelo.
Nakuba ulwazi lwezemvelo seluvele lubonakala—ngezihloko eziphindaphindayo njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, imodeli yamandla, noma ukungcola kwepulasitiki—lusabhekwa njalo isigaba “sesigaba sesibili” ngaphakathi kwabezindaba ezijwayelekileIzinhlangano ezifana ne-APIA (i-Association of Environmental Journalists) zigcizelela isidingo sokukubeka phambili ohlelweni, njengoba kwagcizelelwa engqungqutheleni yazo ethi “Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu, izindaba eziphuthumayo kakhulu”.
Imiyalezo ecacile yathunyelwa kuleyo nkundla: kuyadingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe lwendawo nolwemvelo oluqhubekayoUkuze kugwenywe isimo esibi kakhulu, kugcinwe ukungakhethi cala, futhi kunikezwe indaba yomhlaba wonke echaza ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuthinta kanjani yonke into kanye nawo wonke umuntu. Ngaphandle kwalolu shintsho embonweni kusukela kubahleli nabaqondisi bezindaba, lolu daba luzoqhubeka nokungamelwa kahle naphezu kokubaluleka kwalo okukhulu emphakathini.
Ukubuka konke kwamazwe ngamazwe: iBrazil, iLatin America kanye namanethiwekhi ezintatheli
EBrazil, i- ubuntatheli bezemvelo Isungule umphakathi osebenzayo ikakhulukazi wezemfundo. Izintatheli ezinjengo-André Trigueiro, Ulisses Nenê, Juárez Tosi, Tania Malheiros, Paulo Adario, Vilmar Berna, Roberto Villar Belmonte, Hiram Firmino, Carlos Tautz, André Muggiati, Carlos Matsubara, Dal Marcondes, Silvia Franz Marcuzzo, kanye noLuciano ngaphambili, uLopes usize phakathi kwabanye.
Emkhakheni weyunivesithi, izinhlelo ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo ziyagqama: Isifundo se-Environmental Journalism e-Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, eqondiswa ngu-Ilza Maria Tourinho Girardi, iphayona kwezemfundo yomphakathi yaseBrazil, noma umsebenzi kaSolwazi Wilson Bueno e-Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, ngocwaningo, ama-portal kanye nezincwadi ezinikezelwe ekuxhumaneni kanye nemvelo.
Iningi lezimoto eziyisipesheli zaseBrazil yizingosi zedijithali: i-EcoAgência, i-Meio Ambiente Hoje, i-Agência Envolverde, i-Jornal do Meio Ambiente, i-JB Ecológico, i-Revista Ecológico, i-Ambiente JÁ, i-O Eco, i-Estação Vida, i-Revista Eco igama elithi Amazô 21 noma i-Portal ambalwa. Lezi ziteshi zezindaba zinikeza imibiko ejulile mayelana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, izingxabano zenhlalo nezemvelo, izinkinga zamanzi noma imiphumela yamaphrojekthi amakhulu engqalasizinda.
Ezingeni likahulumeni, ochwepheshe bahlelwe ngendlela I-Brazilian Network of Environmental Journalism (RBJA), inethiwekhi yezingxoxo eziku-inthanethi ehlela ne-Brazilian Congress of Environmental Journalism, ebanjwa njalo eminyakeni emibili, ngenhloso yokukhuthaza ukumbozwa kwezemvelo nokuqinisa ubuchwepheshe.
Ezweni elikhuluma iSpanishi, sithola amaphrojekthi anjenge I-EfeVerde eSpainIzibonelo zifaka phakathi umagazini i-Claves21 kanye ne-ComAmbiental e-Argentina, kanye ne-Union of Environmental Journalists of Latin America. NgesiNgisi, ezinye izikhala ziye zathembela ezinhlakeni ezifana ne-Agenda 21, kanti ngesiPutukezi kunezingosi ezibonisa umqondo wobuntatheli bezemvelo obulwa nobudlova futhi zishicilele izihloko ezikhethekile.
Amakhono, imithombo, kanye nokuziphatha kwentatheli yezemvelo
Ukuze usebenze lo msebenzi, akwanele ukuba nolwazi ngemvelo. Udinga… ulwazi lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhono eliphezulu lokuxhumanaIzintatheli zezemvelo kumele ziqonde ukuthi izimiso zemvelo zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi umbiko we-IPCC uyini, ukuthi ukungcola komoya kulinganiswa kanjani, nokuthi imiphi imiqondo efana nokuthi “umnotho ojikelezayo” noma “ukuguquka kwamandla nje” esho ukuthini.
Ukubika okunembile kuyisisekelo. Esimweni esigcwele idatha, amaqhinga, kanye nemikhankaso yolwazi olungesilo iqiniso, Ukuqhathanisa imithombo kuba yinto ebalulekileLokhu kuhilela ukubonisana nochwepheshe abazimele, ukubukeza indlela yokucwaninga, ukuhlanganisa izibalo ngokwesimo, kanye nokuqaphela izitatimende ezibandlulula eziveza noma yisiphi isinyathelo “njengoluhlaza” ngaphandle kokunikeza ubufakazi obuqinile.
Okubaluleke njengokunemba yikhono lokwenza kanjalo humusha ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lube ulimi olucacile noluhehayoIntatheli enhle yezemvelo ayiphindi nje amagama obuchwepheshe, kodwa iwasekela ezindabeni eziqondile ezibonisa umthelela womuntu: ukuthi ubani olahlekelwa yikhaya lakhe ngenxa yokudilika komhlaba, ukuthi ukungcola kuthinta kanjani impilo, ukuthi isomiso sisho ukuthini kwezolimo noma esikhwameni somthengi.
Imithombo yobuntatheli bezemvelo ihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana: abalingiswa abaphambili (izinhlangano zemvelo, imiphakathi ethintekile, izinkampani ezibangela noma ezinciphisa umonakalo wemvelo), iziphathimandla (iminyango, izinhlangano zokuvikela), ochwepheshe (izazi zezinto eziphilayo, izazi zesimo sezulu, izazi zezomthetho, izazi zezomnotho…) kanye nezakhamuzi ngokujwayelekile. Izinhlangano ezizimele ezifana ne-WWF, i-SEO/BirdLife, i-Oceana, i-Friends of the Earth noma amaqembu endawo Ziyizinkomba ezivamile, njengoba kunjalo ngamanyuvesi nezikhungo zocwaningo.
Ngokombono wokuziphatha, inselele iwukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuphuthuma nokuhlakanipha: ukuchaza ubunzima benkinga yesimo sezulu ngaphandle kokuwela ekukhathazekeni okukhungathekisayoGwema ukwenza izinto ezivusa inkanuko futhi uhlukanise ngokucacile phakathi kolwazi, imibono, kanye nobushoshovu. Ukuzimela ezinkampanini ezingcolisa ukungcola, ohulumeni, noma amaqembu okucindezela kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina ukwethembeka.
Umehluko phakathi kobuntatheli bezemvelo, besayensi kanye nebezemvelo
Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziswa njengamagama afanayo, Ubuntatheli bezemvelo, besayensi kanye nezemvelo Azifani ncamashi. Zinesisekelo esifanayo, kodwa ngayinye igxila esicini esihlukile seqiniso.
Ubuntatheli bezemvelo bugxile ku umthelela wemisebenzi yabantu emvelweniekuphathweni kwezinsiza zemvelo, ekusimeni okuzinzile, kanye nasezinqubweni ezilawula konke. Ikhwalithi yomoya edolobheni ibaluleke kakhulu njengemisebenzi yezimayini, imithethonqubo yemfucuza, noma izingxabano zamanzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuntatheli besayensi bubeka phambili intuthuko kanye nokutholwa kunoma yiliphi igatsha lesayensiKusukela ku-physics yezinhlayiya kuya kwezokwelapha nge-bio, okuhlanganisa nocwaningo lwezemvelo. Umbiko wesayensi ngokungcola, isibonelo, uzogxila ezindleleni zokuhlaziya, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulinganisa, noma ukuqinisekiswa kwamamodeli esimo sezulu.
Ubuntatheli bezemvelo, bona bugxile ku ukuguquguquka kwemvelo, ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kanye nebhayoloji yezilwane nezitshaloOkusho ukuthi, ikhathalela kakhulu ukuthi izinguquko ezithile zithinta kanjani izintambo zokudla, impilo yemifula, noma ukuqina kwamahlathi kanye namaxhaphozi.
Isibonelo esivamile sokubonisa umehluko kungaba indaba yokungcoliswa okukhulu kwemifula. Intatheli yezemvelo ingaxoxa ngomthelela empilweni yomphakathi, emnothweni wendawo, izinqubomgomo zokuhlanzeka, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yezinkampani noma yokuphatha. Usosayensi angachaza ukuthi ukungcola kulinganiswa kanjani, yiziphi izinto ezikhona, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezintsha ezikhona ukuze zisuswe. Isazi sezemvelo singahlaziya imiphumela yezinhlanzi, izinyoni zasemanzini, izilwane ezingenamgogodla kanye nezitshalo zasemanzini.
Izindikimba ezibalulekile kwezobuntatheli bezemvelo zanamuhla
Namuhla, ezinye zezithiyo ezinkulu ezakha uhlelo lwezindaba zemvelo zicacile impela. Enye yezinto ezisobala kakhulu yi- ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokulahlekelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayongemibiko ngamagagasi okushisa, isomiso esihlala isikhathi eside, izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, ukwehla kweqhwa, ukuqothulwa kwezinhlobo, kanye nokuwohloka kwe ama-ecosystem abalulekile njengamahlathi, izilwandle, kanye namaxhaphozi.
Esinye isisekelo sihlobene ukungcola, ukusimama kanye nokuguquka kwamandlaLokhu kufaka phakathi ulwazi mayelana nekhwalithi yomoya emadolobheni amakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinto ezilahliwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe- amandla avuselelekayo, ukuhamba kukagesi, imfucuza yepulasitiki, ukonga okujikelezayo noma ukusebenzisa kahle amandla ezakhiweni nasemadolobheni.
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Isigaba sesithathu esikhulu sibhekana ne- Ubulungiswa bezemvelo kanye nezingxabano zenhlalo nezemveloLezi yizindaba eziletha ukubonakala emiphakathini exoshwe yimisebenzi emikhulu, abantu bomdabu abavikela izindawo zabo, ukungalingani ekuvezweni kwezingozi zemvelo noma imiphumela yezimayini, amadamu, ukutshalwa kwezitshalo okunamandla kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokumbiwa phansi.
Emazweni anezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, lezi zindaba zibaluleke kakhulu: inhlanganisela ingcebo yemvelo kanye nezingcindezi zomnotho Kudala izimo lapho indima yobuntatheli ibaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela izinkinga ukuthi zingafihlwa noma zifihlwe yizintshisekelo ezithile.
Izinselele zobuntatheli bezemvelo eLatin America nakwezinye izimo
Engxenyeni enkulu yeLatin America, ubuntatheli bezemvelo bubhekene nendawo eyinselele kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ulwazi olungelona iqiniso olusabalele kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsizakusebenza emagumbini amaningi ezindabaLokhu kunciphisa amathuba okwenza ucwaningo olujulile noma ukugcina izingxenye zemvelo ezizinzile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingcindezi zezombusazwe nezomnotho zivame kakhulu, njengoba kunjalo nokuqongelela ubunikazi bezindaba ezandleni ezimbalwa, futhi ezimweni eziningi, izimo zokungazethembi kanye nezinsongo ezibhekiswe kubabhali bezintatheli Zihlanganisa izihloko ezibucayi ezifana nokumbiwa phansi okungekho emthethweni, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa okuhlobene nokuxhashazwa kwezinsizakusebenza, kanye nezingxabano zamanzi. Konke lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukwenza ubuntatheli obuzimele nobugxekayo.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zinselele, kubalulekile ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kanye nokuqina kwesayensiNgaphandle kwesisekelo esiqinile ezindleleni zesayensi eziyisisekelo kanye nocwaningo, kulula ukuwela ekwenzeni izinto zibe lula kakhulu, ukuqhubekisela phambili izinganekwane, noma ukuthonywa yizindaba ezichemile. Izinhlelo zemfundo ezifana neziqu ze-master kwezesayensi noma ubuntatheli bezemvelo zinikeza amathuluzi okuqinisekisa idatha, ukuhumusha izifundo, kanye nokubika ngokuzibophezela.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubambisana phakathi kwezintatheli ezivela emazweni ahlukene kanye nokudalwa kwamanethiwekhi esifunda kuvumela ukwabelana ngolwazi, izindlela, kanye nezinsiza, okuqinisa i- ubuntatheli bezemvelo obuphenyayo okwaziyo ukudalula amacebo ayinkimbinkimbi nokulandela umkhondo wemali, hhayi nje imiphumela.
Izindaba ezintsha, ubuntatheli bedatha kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana
Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali bushintshe indlela izindaba zemvelo ezixoxwa ngayo. Amaphrojekthi amaningi akhetha ubuntatheli be-transmedia Ihlanganisa umbhalo, ividiyo, ama-podcast, izithombe ezisebenzisanayo, kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze kufinyelelwe izithameli ezahlukahlukene. Indaba ayisagcini nje ephepheni elilodwa noma engxenyeni yethelevishini, kodwa isakazeka kumapulatifomu amaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezizindalwazi, amamephu, kanye nezithombe kuye kwanda kakhulu. Namuhla, kuvamile ukubona imibiko eyisebenzisayo. Ubuntatheli bedatha buzobala izindawo ezisengozini yezikhukhulaLawa mathuluzi asiza ukwenza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ziqondakale futhi abeke umfundi kumephu. Ahlanganisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu endaweni ngayinye, ukuba khona kwe-jellyfish emabhishi, kanye nokuvela kwemililo yamahlathi.
Imithombo yezokuxhumana, yona, iyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili. Ivumela finyelela izithameli ezisencane, udale izingxoxo futhi wenze izindaba zendawo zisabalale kabanzi Banamandla omhlaba wonke, kodwa badinga amandla amakhulu okuhlanganisa kanye nokunaka njalo ukunemba. Iphutha ku-Twitter thread noma ividiyo emfushane lingasakazeka ngokushesha futhi lonakalise ukwethembeka kwe-medium.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje izibalo ezifana abantu abanethonya kwezemvelo kanye nabaxhumanisi bezokuxhumana ababelana ngokuqukethwe mayelana buyisela kabushaImfashini eqhubekayo, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, noma ukulondolozwa kolwandle. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo, izishoshovu, namaqembu afana neClimabar bakhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezibaluleke kakhulu ngolimi olusha nolufinyeleleka kalula ngaphandle kokulahla ukunemba.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubanjelwa izingqungquthela nemihlangano ukuze kuhlaziywe indlela yokuxhumana kangcono nenkinga yesimo sezulu. Emicimbini efana neNgqungquthela Yezindaba Zemvelo ye-12, izinhlangano zezintatheli, amanyuvesi, ososayensi kanye nezishoshovu ziyaxoxa Indlela yokubika ngokunembile ngezigameko ezimbi kakhulu, imiphumela yezempilo, izixazululo ezingaba khona kanye nokubaluleka kokubonisa hhayi inkinga kuphela, kodwa nezinyathelo nezinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo.
Ukuqeqeshwa, izifundi kanye namathuba emisebenzi
Ubunzima obandayo besimo semvelo busho ukuthi Ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwezentatheli zezemvelo Isidingo siya ngokuya sikhula. Iziqu ze-Master’s kanye nezifundo ezikhethekile zisiza ekutholeni amakhono adingekayo okusingatha izihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqinisekisa ulwazi, nokubika ngokuzibophezela, ukuhlanganisa ithiyori, ukuzijwayeza emagumbini ezindaba, kanye nokuxhumana nochwepheshe abasebenzayo.
Izikhungo ezahlukene seziqalile izifundi zokufunda ngokukhethekile kwezobuntatheli bezemveloIzinhlelo ezifana nalezo ezinikezwa yi-Biodiversity Foundation kanye ne-EFE Foundation zivumela izintatheli ezisencane ukuthi ziqeqeshwe unyaka wonke emahhovisi esifunda ale nhlangano. Umgomo uwukugcwalisa igebe elikhona ekubikeni ngezemvelo nokukhuthaza ukusakazwa kwezindaba endaweni, lapho imiphumela nezixazululo kutholakala khona mathupha.
Lezi zinhlelo azihloselwe nje ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yolwazi, kodwa futhi ukwandisa ulwazi lomphakathiUma abantu benolwazi oluningi nolungcono mayelana nemvelo yabo—imifula, amahlathi, ikhwalithi yomoya, izingozi zesimo sezulu—kulapho amathuba okuba bahlanganyele ekwenzeni izinqumo futhi bafune ukuziphendulela aba maningi khona.
Ngokuphathelene namathuba emisebenzi, ububanzi buye banda. Ngaphezu kwamagumbi ezindaba avamile ashicilelwe, asakazwa emsakazweni, noma kuthelevishini, Izintatheli zezemvelo zingasebenza ezinkampanini zokubonisana, kuma-NGO, ezinhlanganweni zamazwe ngamazwe, kumaphrojekthi okubambisana, ezokuxhumana kwezinkampani, noma ekufinyeleleni umphakathi kwezesayensi.Isidingo sochwepheshe abakwazi ukuchaza ukusimama, ukuguquka kwamandla, noma umthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini siyakhula.
Ubuntatheli bezemvelo sebuyinto ebalulekile ekuqondeni umhlaba esiphila kuwo: Ihumusha isayensi, iqapha amandla, ixhumanisa izinhlekelele nezimbangela zazo zesakhiwo, futhi ikhomba izindlela zoshintsho.Ukuvela kwayo, kusukela kuleyo mibiko yokuqala ehlobene nokunyakaza okulwa nenyukliya kuya ezindabeni zamanje ze-transmedia mayelana nenkinga yesimo sezulu kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, kubonisa ukuthi asibhekene nengxenye yokugcwalisa, kodwa sinomqondo oyinhloko wolwazi lwesimanje, olubalulekile ekwakheni umphakathi oqaphelayo, onobulungiswa futhi olungele ukubhekana nezinselele zemvelo esezikhona kakade.