El Uhlelo lomkhathi Kuwuhlelo lwamaplanethi lapho uMhlaba utholakala khona, kodwa bewazi yini ukuthi cishe u-99,86% wesisindo soSolar System uthathwe yiLanga? Inkanyezi enkulu lapho wonke amaplanethi, amaplanethi amancane, amasathelayithi emvelo nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini zizungeza. Kulesi sihloko esibanzi, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe amaplanethi ayisishiyagalombili azungeza iLanga.
K Es Es Escha! Escha Escha! Escha Escha! Escha!
K Es Es Escha! Escha Escha! Escha Escha! Escha! Yiplanethi eseduze neLanga futhi incane kunawo wonke eSolar System. Njengoba ingenye yezinto okuthiwa amaplanethi anamadwala, ayinazo izinyanga. I-Mercury kudala kukholakala ukuthi inesikhathi sokuzungeza esilingana nesikhathi sayo sokuhumusha (izinsuku ezingama-88), kodwa kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi isikhathi sayo sokuzungeza sifushane kakhulu, izinsuku ezingama-58,7 zomhlaba.
Ukubukeka kweMercury kufana kakhulu neNyanga, nama-craters abangelwa imithelela ye-meteorite. Ngenxa yokuba seduze neLanga, le planethi ihlushwa izinga lokushisa elidlulele, elihluka phakathi kuka-430 °C emini futhi lehle liye ku-180 °C ebusuku. Lokhu kuhluka kokushisa kubangelwa ukuntuleka komkhathi obalulekile, okuphinda kubangele ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ngokushesha uma ilanga selishonile.
I-Mercury ibe yisihloko semishini eminingi yasemkhathini, njenge I-Mariner 10 kanye nophenyo MESSENGER, esize ukuthola idatha ekubunjweni kwayo nezici. Ucwaningo lwale planethi encane lubalulekile ukuze uqonde kangcono ukwakheka kanye nokuvela kwemizimba enamatshe ku-Solar System.
Venus
Venus, iplanethi yesibili evela eLangeni, ifana noMhlaba ngobukhulu nobukhulu, futhi ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi "iplanethi engudade." Naphezu kwalokhu, izimo zeVenus zinobutha kakhulu: umkhathi wayo ominyene we-carbon dioxide udala umphumela we-greenhouse okhuphula izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu libe ngu-465 °C, okulenza libe iplanethi eshisa kakhulu ku-Solar System, ishisa nakakhulu kune-Mercury.
Esinye isici esimangalisayo seVenus ukuzungeza kwayo emuva, okusho ukuthi izungeza ngokwewashi, okuphambene namaplanethi amaningi. Iphinde ibe nosuku olude kunawo wonke ohlelweni sonozungezilanga cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-243 zoMhlaba. Naphezu kwesimo sezulu saso esiyisihogo, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zaqagela ngokuthi kungenzeka kube khona izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezincane ezisezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu zomkhathi walo, lapho izimo zilinganiselwe khona.
Venus iye yacutshungulwa kabanzi yimikhumbi-mkhathi ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nama-probe I-Venera ethunyelwe yiSoviet Union futhi muva nje Akatsuki yaseJapan, ekufuneni ukuqonda kangcono amandla ayo omkhathi kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwawo.
Umhlaba
Umhlaba Yiplanethi yesithathu ukusuka eLangeni futhi ukuphela kwendawo eyaziwa kuze kube manje lapho kukhona ukuphila. Yakha cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-4.567 edlule, futhi ukuphila kwavela cishe eminyakeni eyibhiliyoni kamuva. Ubuso bomhlaba wenziwe amazwekazi, izilwandle, kanye nomkhathi ocebile nge-nitrogen (78%) kanye ne-oxygen (21%), okuye kwavumela ukuthuthukiswa nokuziphendukela kwempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMhlaba unesathelayithi yemvelo, la Luna, ihlukile esigabeni sayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuhlobene maqondana neplanethi yethu.
Ukuba khona kwamanzi awuketshezi ngobuningi phezu komhlaba kuyisici esiwuhlukanisa kwamanye amaplanethi. Ngokunjalo, umkhathi wawo namandla kazibuthe kuvikela izinto eziphilayo emisebeni yelanga eyingozi futhi kuvumela ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni, okwenza ukuba khona kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zenzeke.
Ziningana izinto ezibe nomthelela ekutheni uMhlaba ube yiplanethi ekwazi ukuhlalwa, njengendawo okuyo kuyo «indawo okuhlalwa kuyo«, okuvumela amazinga okushisa ukuba afanele ukuhlala unomphela kwamanzi awuketshezi endaweni yawo. Ukwakheka kwe-geological kanye ne-plate tectonics nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu seplanethi.
Mars
Mars, eyaziwa nangokuthi "iplanethi ebomvu," iyiplanethi yesine evela eLangeni umbala wayo ovela ku-iron oxide emboze indawo yayo. I-Mars ithakazelisa ngokukhethekile ngokombono wezinkanyezi, njengoba ubufakazi obuningi bubonisa ukuthi yake yagcina amanzi awuketshezi, okuphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yayiyiplanethi okuhlalwa kuyo.
I-Mars njengamanje inomoya omncane kakhulu, owakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-carbon dioxide (CO2), ekhawulela amandla ayo okugcina ukushisa futhi ibangele amazinga okushisa aguquguquke kakhulu. Ubusika bungabanda kakhulu, amazinga okushisa ehle aze afike ku-125°C. Amasathelayithi amabili azungeza i-Mars: Phobos y Deimos, womabili cishe ama-asteroid athathwe amandla adonsela phansi eplanethi.
Imisebenzi yakamuva efana Ilukuluku y Ukukhuthazela baye bahlola ubuso be-Mars ukuze bathole izimpawu zokuphila okudlule futhi baphenya ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi iplanethi ibe nezimo zokuhlala esikhathini esithile emlandweni wayo. Kwethenjwa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa komuntu esikhathini esizayo ku-Mars kungaveza izimfihlakalo ezengeziwe mayelana nale planethi ethakazelisayo.
I-Jupiter
I-Jupiter iyiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni Uhlelo lomkhathi kanti eyesihlanu ivela eLangeni Ubukhulu bayo bukhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-318 kunoMhlaba futhi inezinyanga ezaziwayo ezingaphezu kuka-79, phakathi kwazo ezibaluleke kakhulu kukhona. UGanymede, UCallisto, Io y Europa -Lokhu kwakamuva kunentshisekelo ekhethekile yesayensi ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kube khona ulwandle ngaphansi kwendawo yalo eyiqhwa.
I-Jupiter idume ngakho IGreat Red Spot, isiphepho esikhulu osekungamakhulu eminyaka sisebenza futhi sikhulu ngokwanele ukuba sigcine amaplanethi amaningana alingana noMhlaba ngaphakathi kuso. Yakhiwa ngokuyinhloko i-hydrogen ne-helium, i-Jupiter ayinayo indawo eqinile, futhi umkhathi wayo waziwa ngamaqoqo ayo ahlaba umxhwele amafu azungeza iplanethi ngesivinini esimangalisayo.
I-Jupiter ivakashelwe ama-probes amaningi asemkhathini, kokubili ekudluleni nasekuhambeni okuthile, njenge Galileo kanye nomsebenzi wamanje Juno, eqhubeka nokutadisha i-magnetosphere yayo kanye ne-atmospheric dynamics.
Saturn
ISaturn iyiplanethi yesithupha evela eLangeni futhi ibonakala kalula ngenxa yesistimu yayo yokukhala, ebanzi kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ku-Solar System. Lezi zindandatho zenziwe yiqhwa nezinhlayiya zamatshe ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Nakuba wonke amaplanethi amakhulu anohlobo oluthile lwamasongo, amaSaturn yiwona avelele kakhulu.
ISaturn futhi iyisidondoshiya segesi, esakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-hydrogen ne-helium, futhi inezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingama-80 ezaziwayo. I-Titan, inyanga yakhona enkulu kunazo zonke, inkulu nakakhulu kuneplanethi iMercury futhi inesithakazelo esikhethekile ngenxa yomoya wayo ominyene nokuba khona kwamachibi nemifula ene-hydrocarbon.
ama-space probe Cassini y Ama-Huygens baye banikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana neSaturn nezinyanga zayo, beveza idatha ethakazelisayo mayelana nesakhiwo samandandatho ayo kanye nokwakheka kwezinyanga zayo.
I-Uranus
Ebusuku, I-Uranus Kuyabonakala. Kodwa-ke, izazi zezinkanyezi azizange zenze ikhathalogi esikhathini esedlule ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo okuphansi nokuhamba kancane kwayo. I-Uranus inomoya obanda kakhulu wamaplanethi ku-Solar System nge lokushisa -224 ° C.
Neptune
Le yiplanethi yesishiyagalombili ye- Uhlelo I-Solar futhi bekungokokuqala ukutholwa ngokubikezela kwezibalo. Ubukhulu bayo bukhulu ngokuphindwe ka-17 kunoMhlaba kanti futhi bukhulu kancane kunewele layo, i-Uranus. Kuhlelo lwelanga, imimoya enamandla kunayo yonke isendaweni Neptune.